Melanoma interleukin

Interleukins produced by a variety of cells including T cells, monocytes and macrophages. Recombinant interleukin-2 (aldesleukin) is used to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-1 may play a part in conditions such as the sepsis syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis, and successful blockade of its receptor offers a therapeutic approach for these conditions. 

Interleukin 2 (Aldesleukin, Proleukin ) is a major growth factor and activator of cytotoxic and other T-lymphocytes. It is applied in the therapy of metastas-ing renal carcinoma and melanoma. Side effects include... 

Discuss the pros and cons of interleukin 2 therapy for melanoma, and formulate a monitoring plan for patients receiving interleukin 2. 

Interleukin 2 therapy is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of metastatic melanoma, and it is a reasonable option for patients with this stage of the disease. 

Atkins MB, Kunkel L, Sznol M, Rosenberg SA. High-dose recombinant interleukin 2 therapy in patients with metastatic melanoma Long-term survival update. Cancer J Sci Am. 2000 6(suppl 1) SI 1-14. 

Moser B, Schumacher C, von Tschamer V, Clark-Lewis I, Baggiolini M. Neutrophil-activating peptide 2 and gro/melanoma growth-stimulatory activity interact with neutrophil-activating peptide 1/interleukin 8 receptors on human neutrophils. J Biol Chem 1991 266(16) 10666-10671. 

Ramjeesingh R, Leung R, Siu C-H. Interleukin-8 secreted by endothelial cell induces chemotaxis of melanoma cells through the chemokine receptor CXCR1. FASEB J 2003 17 1292-1294. 

Varney ML, Li A, Dave BJ, Bucana CD, Johansson SL, Singh RK. Expression of CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors in malignant melanoma with different metastatic potential and their role in interleukin-8 (CXCL-8)-mediated modulation of metastatic phenotype. Clin Exp Metastasis 2003 20 723-731. 

Proleukin Aldesleukin (interleukin 2) Chiron Renal cell carcinoma, metastatic melanoma... 

Noble, S. and Goa, K. 1997. Aldesleukin (recombinant interleukin-2) a review of its pharmacological properties, clinical efficacy and tolerability in patients with metastatic melanoma. Biodrugs 7(5), 394 4-22. 

Aldesleukin is a recombinant form of human Interleukin-2 (IL-2). It has been approved for the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell cancer. The medicine is administered every 8 hours by a 15-minute intravenous infusion for a maximum of 14 doses. Adverse reactions include hypo- and hypertension, gastrointestinal disturbances, fever, fatigue, lethargy, joint pain, headache. Cardiovascular problems may occur. 

Several proteins that stimulate subsets of lymphocytes involved in various aspects of the immune response are now produced by recombinant DNA techniques. The pharmacology of these lymphokines as potential anticancer agents is being investigated. Interleukin (IL) 2, originally described as a T-cell growth factor, induces the production of cytotoxic lymphocytes (lymphokine-activated killer cells, or LAK cells). IL-2 produces remissions in 10 to 20% of patients with melanoma or renal cell carcinoma when infused at high doses either alone or with lymphocytes that were previously harvested from the patient and incubated with IL-2 in vitro. 

Legha, S.S., S. Ring, O. Eton, A. Bedikian, A.C. Buzaid, C. Plager, and N. Papadopon-los. Development of a biochemotherapy regimen with concurrent administration of cisplatin, vinblastine, dacarbazine, interferon alfa, and interleukin-2 for patients with metastatic melanoma. J Chn Oncol, 1998.16(5) 1752-9. 

Interferon and interleukin 2 (IL-2) are used in the treatment of malignant melanoma, renal cell... 

An indirect immunomodulatory effect was also observed in the syngeneic CT-26 colon carcinoma and B16-F10 melanoma tumor bearing mice, treated with IB-MECA and Cl-IB-MECA, respectively. The drug agonists induced up-regulation of Interleukin-12 and increased the activity of NK cells (Fishman et al. 2004 Ohana et al. 2003). 

Grande C, Firvida JL, Navas V, Casal J. 2006. Interleukin-2 for the treatment of solid tumors other than melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. Anticancer Drugs. 17 1-12. 

Permanent hypothyroidism associated with vitiligo was reported in a woman treated with interleukin-4 for metastatic malignant melanoma (SEDA-20, 336). 

Krouse RS, Royal RE, Heywood G, Weintraub BD, White DE, Steinberg SM, Rosenberg SA, Schwartzentruber DJ. Thyroid dysfunction in 281 patients with metastatic melanoma or renal carcinoma treated with interleukin-2 alone. J Immunother Emphasis Tumor Immunol 1995 18(4) 272-8. 

Monig H, Hauschild A, Lange S, Folsch UR. Suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion in patients treated with interleukin-2 and interferon-alpha 2b for metastatic melanoma. Clin Investig 1994 72(12) 975-8. 

Wang, J., et al. 2001. Gene gun-mediated oral mucosal transfer of interleukin 12 cDNA coupled with an irradiated melanoma vaccine in a hamster model Successful treatment of oral melanoma and distant skin lesion. Cancer Gene Ther 8 705. 

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an endogenous cytokine that normally exerts a number of beneficial immunologic responses. In particular, IL-2 stimulates the growth and differentiation of T-cell lymphocytes that are selectively toxic for tumor cells.11,33 Hence, recombinant DNA techniques are now used to synthesize IL-2 so that this agent can be used to treat cancers such as renal cancer and malignant melanoma (see... 

Several Type I and Type II interferons (IFN) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) have been approved to treat infectious diseases or malignancies by augmenting immune responses IFN-a2a (chronic hepatitis C) IFN-a2b (hepatitis C, melanoma, chronic myelogenous leukemia, hairy-cell leukemia, Kaposi s sarcoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, renal cell carcinoma) IFN-aconl (chronic hepatitis C) IFN- 31a (multiple sclerosis) IFN-pib (multiple sclerosis) IFN-ylb (malignant osteopetrosis) and IL-2 (renal cell carcinoma). 

D.R. Parkinson, C.A. Seipp, J.H. Ein-horn, and D.E. White. 1994. Treatment of 283 consecutive patients with metastatic melanoma or renal cell cancer using high-dose bolus interleukin 2. JAMA 271 907-913. 

Oniki S, Nagai H, Horikawa T, Furukawa J, Belladonna ML, Yoshhnoto T, Flara I, Nishigori C. Interleukin-23 and interleukin-27 exert quite different antitumor and vaccine effects on poorly immunogenic melanoma. Cancer Res 2006 66 6395—404. 

Bar MH, Snzol M, Atkins MB, et al. Metastatic malignant melanoma treated with combined bolus and continuous infusion interleukin-2 and lymphokine activated killer cells. J Clin Oncol 1990 8 1138-47. 

Lu, C. and Kerbel, R. S. (1993). Interleukin 6 undergoes transition from paracrine growth inhibitor to autocrine stimulator during human melanoma progression. J. Cell Biol. 120, 1281-1288. 

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