Compound identifier

At first, the dimeric nature of the base isolated from 3-ethyl-2-methyl-4-phenylthiazolium was postulated via a chemical route. Indeed the adduct of ICH, on a similar 2-ethylidene base is a 2-isopropylthiazolium salt in the case of methylene base it is an anilinovinyl compound identified by its absorption spectrum and chemical reactivity (45-47). This dimeric structure of the molecule has been definitively established by its NMR spectrum. It is very similar to the base issued from 2.3-dimethyl-benzo thiazolium (48). It corresponds to 2-(3 -ethyl-4 -phenyl-2 -methylenethiazolinilydene)2-methyl-3-ethyl-4-phenylthiazoline (13). There is only one methyl signal (62 = 2.59), and two series of signals (63= 1.36-3.90, 63= 1.12-3.78) correspond to ethyl groups. Three protons attributed to positions T,5,5 are shifted to a lower field 5.93, 6.58, and 8.36 ppm. The bulk of the ten phenyl protons is at 7.3 ppm (Scheme 22). 

In each of the following groups of compounds identify the one with the largest heat of combustion and the one with the smallest (Try to do this problem without consulting Table 2 3)... 

Quantities of potassium sulfate produced and consumed as potassium magnesium sulfate [13826-56-7] K2S0-2MgS04, are omitted in the U.S. Department of the Interior reports as classified information. Consumption data for potassium compounds identified as other potassium salts imply that the amount of potassium magnesium sulfate consumed in the United States is about double that of K SO. This gap is expected to widen as soils become more depleted of natural magnesium- and sulfur-containing minerals. 

The class of compounds identified as basic aluminum chlorides [1327-41 -9] is used primarily ia deoderant, antiperspirant, and fungicidal preparations. They have the formula Al2(OH)g where x = 1 5, and are prepared by the reaction of an excess of aluminum with 5—15% hydrochloric acid at a temperature of 67—97°C (18). The same compounds are obtained by hydro1y2ing aluminum alkoxides with hydrochloric acid (19,20) (see Alkoxides, METAl). Basic aluminum chloride has also been prepared by the reaction of an equivalent or less of hydrochloric acid with aluminum hydroxide at 117—980 kPa (17—143 psi) (20). 

Hydrocarbon Compounds Identified in Ambient Air Samples from St. Petersburg, Florida... 

Name the following compound, identify each substituent as axial or equatorial, and tell whether the conformation shown is the more stable or less stable chair form (yellow-green = Cl) ... 

Some additions and corrections have been made. The data given here for f-butyl ethyl sulfoxide were not included in either Cox and Pilcher16 or Pedley, Naylor and Kirby17. The latter authors give data for a compound identified as ethyl methyl sulfate (sulfuric acid ethyl methyl ester), which is identified in Cox and Pilcher16 and in the original article23 as... 

Efforts to identify the specific compounds responsible for the psychotropic effects of volatile solvents are complicated by the fact that many of these products contain more than one potentially psychoactive ingredient. Another factor obscuring the identity of the psychoactive ingredients of these agents is that patients addicted to these compounds frequendy seek the effects not of the product s primary ingredient but of a secondary ingredient such as the propellant gas (e.g., nitrous oxide). To date, the best-studied psychoactive compounds identified in volatile solvents include toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and trichloroethylene. However, other less well studied compounds, such as benzene, acetone, and methanol, also appear to have significant psychoactive effects. 

Since the pioneering work of Kleymann et al. (2002), Betz et al. (2002), Baumeister et al. (2007), and Crute et al. (2002), who showed that compounds identified as inhibitors of the helicase-primase enzyme complex could alleviate herpesvirus-induced disease in animal models, the attention of researchers developing antiviral compounds has been drawn more and more towards the virus-encoded helicases, particularly those of Herpes viruses and of RNA viruses such as Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and SAKS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Enzyme activity is usually assayed by measuring NTPase activity in the presence of an appropriate nucleic acid co-substrate although, more recently, novel fiuorimetric and luminescence principles have been applied to the measurement of strand unwinding and/or translocation of the protein along the nucleic acid (Frick 2003, 2006). 

EXERCISE 5.28 In the following compound, identify all groups that would be considered substituents, and then indicate how you would name each substituent ... 

PROBLEMS For each pair of compounds, identify the compound that is more acidic. Make sure that you can explain your choice in each case. 

Compound selection methods usually involve selecting a relatively small set of a few tens or hundreds of compounds from a large database that could consist of hundreds of thousands or even millions of compounds. Identifying the n most dissimilar compounds in a database containing N compounds, when typically n N, is computationally infeasible because it requires consideration of all possible n-member subsets of the database, and therefore approximate methods have been developed as described below. 

C17-0112. For each of the following compounds, identify the major species in solution and write a balanced equation for the equilibrium reaction that determines the pH (a) H2 SO4 (b) Na2 SO4 (c) NaHS04 and(d)NH4Cl. 

Vanillosmopsis erythropappa Schultz-Bip. is a component of the Atlantic coastal forest in Brazil, where it is exploited as a source of an essential oil used in the pharmaceutical industry. A survey of specimens from four locations showed markedly different compositions of their essential oil fraction (Lopes et al., 1991). The compounds identified were bisabolol [160], costunolide [161], eremanthine [162], and five related compounds, six compounds based upon the cyclocostunolide skeleton [163], and the two esters 15-deoxygoyazenolide [164] and lychnopholide [165]... 

As is the case with many members of Lamiaceae, Satureja douglasii produces abundant essential oil from glandular trichomes on the leaves. Gas chromatographic analysis of the leaf oils from specimens collected throughout the species range revealed the presence of some dozen and a half well-known compounds. The major compounds identified were camphene [215], camphor [216], which, taken together, were considered to comprise the bicyclic type, carvone [217], pulegone [218], menthone [219], and isomenthone [220] (see Fig. 2.68 for structures 215-220). The predominance of each of these major components defined a terpene type. (All compounds were observed in each of the terpene types, most in comparatively small amounts, some only as traces.)... 

---