Material compatability

A range of metal contacts, thick film, thin film and combinations of these were used along with oxidized contacts. There was a marked improvement in the quality of subsequent glass layers when oxidized metal contacts were used, presumably due to the increased strength of the glass-to-metal interface. According to Pask (26), in order to realize continuity of atomic and electronic 

The thermal history is particularly critical when planar devices are involved and when the heating is from the substrate side. In this case, it is possible that there is a greater sodium loss compared with that which occurs during the fabrication of pH-sensitive glass bulbs when they are flame annealed. The stresses of planar glass layers in contact with other planar ceramics would not 

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Table 10. Materials Compatibility for Aqueous Hydrazine Solutions ...

Y. Takaishi, Seminar on New Technology of Alternative Kefrigerants, Tubricants, and Materials Compatibility,Association of Refrigerants, Tokyo, Japan, 1993, pp. 101-106. 

The number of material systems that can be used for nanolayer coatings is vktuaHy unHmited. Any refractory hard material can be used as the hard material compatible metal can be used as the tough material. Examples of material systems for nanocoatings include the foUowing ... 

Adhesives, Coatings, and Sealants. Eor these appHcations, styrenic block copolymers must be compounded with resins and oils (Table 10) to obtain the desired properties (56—58). Materials compatible with the elastomer segments soften the final product and give tack, whereas materials compatible with the polystyrene segments impart hardness. The latter are usually styrenic resins with relatively high softening points. Materials with low softening points are to be avoided, as are aromatic oils, since they plasticize the polystyrene domains and reduce the upper service temperature of the final products. 

Trays may be square or rectangular, with 0.5 to I m" per tray, and may be fabricated from any material compatible with corrosion and temperature conditions. When the trays are stacked in the truck, there should be a clearance of not less than 4 cm between the material in one tray and the bottom of the tray immediately above. When material characteristics and handling permit, the trays should have screen bottoms for additional diying area. Metal trays are preferable to nonmetalhc trays, since they conduct heat more readily. Tray loadings range usually from I to 10 cm deep. 

Carbopol is widely used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical practice as a gel-former. Carbopol resins are hydrophilic polymers which swell in water solutions and transform into the gel form at neutralization. At the elaboration of special cosmetic preparations in which carbopol is used, the problem of raw materials compatibility appears. For example, some extracts of aromatic pectin containing materials destroy the gel structure of carbopol. High contents of bivalent metal ions, in particular calcium ions, destructively influence onto the gel-making ability of the system too. 

The need for auxiliary heating is another factor that must be carefully evaluated. Due to the nature of the thermodynamic process, the gas discharging from an expander is at a much lower temperature than gas discharging from a regulator station operating within the same pressure bounds. If temperatures downstream of the expander are allowed to drop too low, potential problems may arise, such as hydrate formation and material compatibility. 

Values of B relating to material compatibility for those processes where a material Is not defined on the process capability maps given (2) ... 

X ilues of C relating to material compatibility for selected fusion welding processes (3)... 

Are the construction materials compatible with each other and with the chemical process materials, under all foreseeable conditions ... 

One of the most effective methods of preventing corrosion is the selection of the proper metal or alloy for a particular corrosive service. Once the conditions of service and environment have been determined that the equipment must withstand, there are several materials available commercially that can be selected to perform an effective service in a compatible environment. Some of the major problems arise from popular misconceptions for example, the use of stainless steel. Stainless steel is not stainless and is not the most corrosion-resistant material. Compatibility of material with service environment is therefore essential. For example, in a hydrogen sulfide environment, high-strength alloys (i.e., yield strength above 90,000 psi or Rc 20 to 22) should be avoided. In material selection some factors that are important to consider are material s physical and chemical properties, economics and availability. 

Materials Compatibility With Liquid Rocket Propellants , Rept No DZ-113073-1, Boeing Co, Seattle, Wash, ASD (1970) 30) N.C. Paul,... 

Materials compatibility. We use scrupulously clean and scratch-free FEP (FEP is the acronym for the copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene) tubing for handling our mixtures of fluorine and nitrogen at ambient temperature. Corrugated FEP tubing is convenient for making strain-free assemblies. We have found that Monel is excellent for use with dry molten KF-2HF. Mild steel corrodes slowly and stainless steels corrode rapidly. Kel-F polychlorotrifluoroethylene is satisfactory for use with HF and with KF-2HF polypropylene and polymethylpentene are not satisfactory. 

Harrington, MG Lee, KH Bailey, JE Hood, LE, Sponge-Like Electrophoresis Media Mechanically Strong Materials Compatible with Organic Solvents, Polymer Solutions and Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis, Electrophoresis 15, 187, 1994. 

To assess the well construction materials compatibility versus the subsurface environment and the pesticide of interest, manufacturers can provide data about the various well construction materials or samples can be acquired for laboratory analysis. Also, QC samples of each material can be collected during installation and preserved for laboratory analysis for potential sample bias, if necessary. In addition to well construction materials, the potable water used to clean drilling equipment and to prepare the grout and hydrate bentonite should also be collected for laboratory analysis (see Section 3.2.6). 

Unless laboratory studies on material compatibility establish otherwise, it is recommended that equipment used to collect groundwater samples for pesticide analysis be constructed of metal, fluorocarbon polymer, or glass.However, for a water-supply well, inert well, pump, and plumbing materials are not likely to have been installed for all components. In this case, in-place well, pump type, and plumbing materials should be documented. 

It will be constructed or lined with material compatible with the waste and with sufficient strength to prevent failure from pressure, climate, traffic, and daily use. 

There is an increasing need to develop new solutions with environmentally friendly reducing agents and complexants. For materials compatibility reasons, ideally new solutions should be developed with operating pHs not exceeding ca. 10. 

Material compatibility delivery Fuel quality Onboard fuel handling... 

Defining hydrogen fuel quality specifications is a high priority for the Roadmap. Such specifications must be quantified at the vehicle-station interface and must consider how the presence of small amounts of contaminants affects the performance and durability of fuel cell and balance of plant material compatibility of onboard and stationary hydrogen storage systems and the operation and maintenance of hydrogen production, purification, and delivery systems. Most importantly, fuel quality specification must consider... 

Guard rails for storage tanks 8. Construction materials compatible with ... 

Most plastics react chemically with chlorine because of their hydrocarbon structural makeup. This reactivity is avoided with some plastics in which fluorine atoms nave been substituted into the hydrocarbon molecule. The Chlorine Institute recommends that hoses constructed with such an inner lining "have a structural layer braid of polyvinyli-dene fluoride (PVDF) monofilament material or a structural braid of Hastelloy C-276. An underlying lesson here is material compatibility. Material compatibility tables exist that engineers can consult, including in other sections within this volume. 

Aqueous hydrazine solutions, materials compatibility for, 13 587t Aqueous hydrazine specifications, 13 586t Aqueous hydrochloric acid reaction with metals, 13 826 thermodynamic functions of, 13 816t uses for, 13 834-835... 

See Table A-2 for materials compatible with hydrogen service. Refer to Chapter GR-2. 

Table A-2 Materials Compatible With Hydrogen Service...

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