Plumbing materials

It has been found that blends of a poly(biphenyl ether sulfone) and a second poly(arylene ether sulfone) based on bisphenol A are most suitable for plumbing applications. The blend has an outstanding resistance to hot 

---

Burman N.P. Colboume J.S. (1977) Techniques for the assessment of growth of microorganisms on plumbing materials used in contact with potable water supplies. JAppl Bacterial, 43, 137— 144. 

Unless laboratory studies on material compatibility establish otherwise, it is recommended that equipment used to collect groundwater samples for pesticide analysis be constructed of metal, fluorocarbon polymer, or glass.However, for a water-supply well, inert well, pump, and plumbing materials are not likely to have been installed for all components. In this case, in-place well, pump type, and plumbing materials should be documented. 

Uniform Plumbing Code Published by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (lAPMO), the Uniform Plumbing Code covers all aspects of plumbing, including requirements for plumbing materials and lAPMO installation standards. 

ICP-MS is widely used to assess drinking water quality. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) methods 200.8 and 1638 for the analysis of drinking and waste waters use ICP-MS [307-309]. Sources of Pb in drinking water can be assessed from Pb isotope ratios. In one study, Pb/ Pb, Pb/ Pb, Pb/ Pb isotope ratios in tap water were compared to those of plumbing materials [310]. The authors were able to conclude that the copper pipe and solder were the main sources of Pb. 

Hot water tends to aggravate lead leaching when brought in contact with lead plumbing materials. 

By far the most important use of lead is in storage batteries, with the production of antiknock gasolines, pigments, ammunition, solder, and plumbing materials following. In the last half century, evidence about the toxic effects of lead has accumulated to the point where its presence in the environment is considered to be a serious hazard for humans, especially for young children. 

Another dynamic seal type used is the poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) seal utilized on applications with PV values that are not as stringent as those of clutch systems. PTFE is a fluoropolymer that has many other applications besides automotive. DuPont has the trade name Teflon for this material. Other usages include nonstick cookware, lubricants, bearings, bushings, gears, and plumbing materials. It is useful as a resistant material to corrosive and reactive chemicals. It is an extremely nonreactive material that was discovered by accident by Roy Plunkett when he... 

Relationships Between Water Quality and Corrosion of Plumbing Materials in Buildings... 

The volmne of water drawn affects the contact time of the water with plumbing materials and as a result, the amoimt of metals leaching out of these. In addition, in mixed plumbing systems the volume of water drawn determines which materials affect the... 

To assess the effect of plumbing materials on the lead concentration as determined by composite proportional sampling, we distinguish the following situations ... 

Plumbing materials used to service laboratory facUities must be resistant to a large range of corrosives, physically durable, relatively easy to install and repair, and comparatively inexpensive. 

This means that if drinking water in a certain percentage of selected HIGH-RISK homes in a community has more than 15 ppb lead, the water supplier must take steps to reduce it. High-risk homes are those most likely to have high levels of lead in drinking water on the basis of their age and the type of plumbing materials they have. 

Treatment techniques have been set for lead and copper because the occurrence of these chemicals in drinking water usually results from corrosion of plumbing materials. All systems that do not meet the action level at the tap are required to improve corrosion control treatment to reduce the levels. The action level for lead is 0.015 mg/L, and for copper it is 1.3 mg/L. 

---