Compatible materials

C. P. Sharma and M. Szycher, Blood Compatible Materials and Devices, Technomic Publishing Co., Inc., Lancaster, Pa., 1991. 

Pipelines. The feasibility of pipeline transportation depends on the availability of very large quantities of compatible materials between locations with sufficient storage facilities. Thus, pipeline transportation is predominantly, but not exclusively, limited to the movement of hydrocarbons, many of which are raw materials in the production of petrochemicals. Although proprietary pipelines (qv), generally of short distances, ate not unusual, commercial petroleum pipelines are considered to be common carriers available to serve all customers who can tender sufficient quantities of acceptable liquids for transportation between terminals. 

Inappropriate Select compatible materials of construction for materials of con- the specific process struction lead to, Change process parameters (e.g., different acid, corrosion and reduce temperature). Evaluate changes with test potential failure. coupons off-line Dillon 1992... 

Unwanted reaction Clean and inspect equipment after each use Design with compatible materials contaminants. Maintain integrity of the system Design emergency relief system (ERS) for runaway scenario CCPS G-13 CCPS G-22 CCPS G-23 CCPS G-29... 

All vacuum-compatible materials fiat samples best size accepted depends on particular instrument... 

Yes, in combination with ion-beam sputtering 300 A for Auger analysis, even less for imaging Yes, called Scanning Auger Microscopy, SAM Sample requirements Vacuum-compatible materials Main use Elemental composition of inorganic materials... 

Sample requirements Any solid vacuum-compatible material... 

By blending with semi-compatible materials which have a well below the expected service temperature range (e.g. high-impact polystyrene—as described in Chapter 3). 

Select compatible materials for the service environment and conditions. 

While in the past mainly sodium lauryl sulfate was the surfactant of choice, recently more skin-compatible materials have taken its place. 

As a consequence of the high pressures that must be tolerated, LC sample valves are usually made from stainless steel. The exception to the use of stainless steel will arise in biochemical applications where the materials of construction may need to be bio-compatible. In such cases the valves may be made from titanium or some other appropriate bio-compatible material. 

The in vitro biocompatibihty of wound dressings in regards to fibroblasts has been assessed and compared with three commercial wound dressings made of collagen, alginate and gelatin. Methylpyrrolidinone chitosan and collagen were found to be the most compatible materials [305,306],... 

Chitosan is the main structural component of crab and shrimp shells. Chitosan contains both reactive amino and hydroxyl groups, which can be used to chemically alter its properties under mild reaction conditions. Al-acyl chitosans were already reported as blood-compatible materials. UV irradiation grafting technique was utilized to introduce obutyrylchitosan (OBCS) onto the grafted SR film in the presence of the photosensitive heterobifunctional cross-linking agent. The platelet adhesion test revealed that films grafted on OBCS show excellent antiplatelet adhesion. 

Mirzadeh H, Khorasani MT, and Sammez P. Laser surface modification of polymers A novel technique for the preparation of blood compatible materials-II In vitro assay. Iranian Polym, 1998, 7, 5. 

This principle can also be used to measure the flow of a process stream by introducing a measured flow of some easily analysed (compatible) material. 

Dyckman, E. J. Montemarano, J. A. In Antifouling Organometallic Polymers Environmentally Compatible Materials, Report No. 4186, Naval Ship R D Center, Bethesda, MD, 1974. 

Most plastics react chemically with chlorine because of their hydrocarbon structural makeup. This reactivity is avoided with some plastics in which fluorine atoms nave been substituted into the hydrocarbon molecule. The Chlorine Institute recommends that hoses constructed with such an inner lining "have a structural layer braid of polyvinyli-dene fluoride (PVDF) monofilament material or a structural braid of Hastelloy C-276. An underlying lesson here is material compatibility. Material compatibility tables exist that engineers can consult, including in other sections within this volume. 

Design storage and handling equipment with all compatible materials of construction. 

The method shown in Table 3.8 in this publication can be an effective way to capture and document the specific mixing scenarios and conditions evaluated in a chemical compatibility chart. It should be noted that a binary chart only considers pairs of materials and therefore does not cover all possible combinations. The presence of a catalytic substance, for example, may cause a reaction between otherwise compatible materials to proceed fast enough to result in a consequence of concern. This is one reason why broad thinking should be encouraged when developing mixing scenarios to be evaluated. 

Some parts such as dashboards are an inextricable combination of various subparts of different materials making it impossible to dismantle. The choice of compatible materials is advised to allow recycling. For example, a part can be made out of several olefin subparts ... 

Polyesters can generally be decorated by painting, metallization, printing, varnishing with compatible materials and processing. 

Acetals can generally be decorated by painting and varnishing after surface treatment. Metallization is very often used with specific grades marketed for this process. Printing is possible with compatible materials and processing. 

Polyelectrolytes have been widely investigated as components of biocompatible materials. Biomaterials come into contact with blood when used as components in invasive instruments, implant devices, extracorporeal devices in contact with blood flow, implanted parts of hard structural elements, implanted parts of organs, implanted soft tissue substitutes and drug delivery devices. Approaches to the development of blood compatible materials include surface modification to give blood compatibility, polyelectrolyte-based systems which adsorb and/or release heparin as well as polyelectrolytes which mimic the biological activity of heparin. 

Significant research has been directed toward the use of polyelectrolyte complexes as blood compatible materials. Several investigators found that water-insoluble polyelectrolyte complexes can suppress blood coagulation [487-490]. Davison and coworkers reviewed and studied the biological properties of water-soluble polyelectrolyte complexes [491] between quatemized poly(vinyl imidazole) or polyvinyl pyridine) and excess sulfonated dextran or poly(methacrylic acid). By forming complexes with a stoichiometric excess of anionic charge, a more compact conformation with anionic character was obtained. 

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