Sponge-like

Condensation of metal vapors followed by deposition on cooler surfaces yields metal powders as does decomposition of metal hydrides. Vacuum treatment of metal hydrides gives powders of fine particle size. Reaction of a metal haHde and molten magnesium, known as the KroU process, is used for titanium and zirconium. This results in a sponge-like product. 

Foam. PhenoHc resin foam is a cured system composed of open and closed ceUs with an overall density of 16—800 g/cm. Principal appHcations are in the areas of insulation and sponge-like floral foam. The resins are aqueous resoles cataly2ed by NaOH at a formaldehyde phenol ratio of ca 2 1. Free phenol and formaldehyde content should be low, although urea may be used as a formaldehyde scavenger. 

Thermosetting Reactive Polymers. Materials used as thermosetting polymers include reactive monomers such as urea—formaldehyde, phenoHcs, polyesters, epoxides, and vinyls, which form a polymerized material when mixed with a catalyst. The treated waste forms a sponge-like material which traps the soHd particles, but not the Hquid fraction the waste must usually be dried and placed in containers for disposal. Because the urea—formaldehyde catalysts are strongly acidic, urea-based materials are generally not suitable for metals that can leach in the untrapped Hquid fractions. Thermosetting processes have greater utiHty for radioactive materials and acid wastes. 

Harrington, MG Lee, KH Bailey, JE Hood, LE, Sponge-Like Electrophoresis Media Mechanically Strong Materials Compatible with Organic Solvents, Polymer Solutions and Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis, Electrophoresis 15, 187, 1994. 

Fig. 5 HREM micrograph of ruthenium sponge-like particles obtained in pure methanol...

Efforts to overcome the limitations of the fragile membranes (as delicate as soap bubbles) have evolved with the use of membrane supports, such as polycarbonate filters (straight-through pores) [543] or other more porous microfilters (sponge-like pore structure) [545-548]. 

Similar schemes may also be derived for the sponge-like systems that are considered as negative to the system of particles or systems of growth by Radushkevich [123],... 

Voronoi-Delaunay Method for Description of Corpuscular and Sponge-Like Porous Solids... 

Tofu can be kept frozen or freeze-dried to prevent microbial deterioration. However intemolecular interactions occur during frozen storage. As a result, the texture of tofu is changed from soft, smooth to sponge-like with a meat-like chewiness. 

All authors who calculated the increase in bandgap energy A EG found that the approximation of Eq. (7.6), based on an infinite energy barrier, overestimates the size dependence. A linear [Re2, Bui, De2, Hi4, Hi8] dependence between A Eq and 1/tv or a tv-147 law [Pr4] has been found to be more realistic, as shown in Fig. 7.15. In order to simulate the complicated structure of the sponge-like silicon network the band structures for wires along different crystal orientations [Fi2], as well as for wires with constrictions, have been calculated [Hi5], The calculated en-... 

For hard biomass made from crystalline cellulose, an inversed structure was found, with the carbon being the continuous phase, penetrated by a sponge-like continuous system of nanopores (representing the majority volume). These products are also... 

Membrane simulations were performed with 2, = 4,9, and 15. The mesoscopic structure of the hydrated membrane is visualized in Figure 6.7, revealing a sponge-like structure similar to structures obtained by other mesoscale simulations.ii Together with hydrophilic beads of side chains, water beads... 

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