Market demand factors

Production levels will be influenced by external factors such as agreed production targets, market demand, the level of market demand for a particular product, agreements with contractors, and legislation. These factors are managed by planning of production rates and management of the production operation. 

Gasohol in the United States. Over 90% of the fuel ethanol in the United States is produced from com. Typically, 0.035 m (1 bushel) of com yields 9.5 L (2.5 gal) of ethanol. Ethanol is produced by either dry or wet milling (87). Selection of the process depends on market demand for the by-products of the two processes. More than two-thirds of the ethanol in the United States is produced by wet milling. Depending on the process used, the full cost of ethanol after by-product credits has been estimated to be between 0.25—0.53/L ( 1—2/gal) for new plants (88). Eeedstock costs are a significant factor in the production of fuel ethanol. A change in com price of 0.29/m ( 1.00/bushel) affects the costs of ethanol by 0.08/L ( 0.30/gal). 

It IS estimated that more than 80 percent of the American population has flown at least once if that is true, it is effectively a fully mature market. Outside the United States, the demand for air travel is expanding as well, although it has been tempered by economic dotvnturns, particularly in the Asian market. These factors are leading Airbus and Boeing to the conclusion that there will exist a need for an aircraft larger than any now flying. They differ, however, on the question of when that aircraft will be needed and what form it should take. 

In the previous section we examined the development of the European market for organic agricultural products and the inter-relationship between supply and demand factors within the market. In this section we draw on current work being carried out on organic and low input food supply chains in Europe (http //www.qlif.org/). We examine more closely the consumer of organic foods and ask what factors influence consumers to choose organic... 

The choice of storage method depends upon the production system such as frequency of harvest, demand, and end use. In countries where more than one crop is feasible, the storage period need not be long, e.g., 3-4 months. Another factor is to store the surplus in response to market demand at the time of harvest. Countries where only one crop is feasible, storage becomes... 

For a successful market introduction of nc-DSC technology, several factors stand out technical performance and manufacturability, cost, design, market demand and, last but not least, long-term stability. 

It is difficult to predict future market values or replacement values with a high degree of accuracy because of fluctuations in market demand and price conditions. On the other hand, a future book value can be predicted with absolute accuracy as long as a constant method for determining depreciation costs is used. It is quite possible for the market value, replacement value, and book value of a property to be widely different from one another because of unrealistic depreciation allowances or changes in economic and technological factors. 

For such starchy foods as noodles, cakes, pastries, processed potato food, and puddings, lipids improve the texture. The tendency of bread to staling is also related to the presence of lipids and emulsifiers. In order to satisfy market demands, it is important to optimize the water-binding capacity, the rate of water sorption, and the swelling power. The effects of lipids on these properties is under ongoing study. The mode of application of lipids is also a factor which controls functional properties.851-853 869 The effect of all these factors on bread quality has been recognized.870-873... 

Finally, as a bonus with this volume, we editors present a perspective on the employment situation for computational chemists. The essay in the appendix reviews the history of the job market, uncovers factors that have affected it positively or negatively, and discusses the current situation. We also analyze recent job advertisements to see where recent growth has occurred and which skills are presently in greatest demand. 

The increasing market demand for sweeteners resulted in the development of a number of chemicals. The major artificial sweeteners in the present market include acesulfame-K, alitame, aspartame, cyclamate, saccharin, and sucralose. Sweetness-intensity factors of several sweeteners compared with sucrose are given below ... 

All of these external resources have relied heavily on the university as a primary source. An unfortunate consequence of these activities over the past decade has been a depletion of the academic resources that have accumulated over the past 50 years. Furthermore, the availability of useful quantities from current academic research has become less likely as modern chemical techniques and instrumentation permit studies with only a few milligrams. This is especially apparent in the natural product field, as the unique diversity inherent in that group has placed such acquisition at a premium. Market demands, nevertheless, persist and have led to the emergence of synthesis factories that prepare compounds specifically for the screening market, using conventional chemical techniques. Output has been greatly enhanced at some of these centers by adoption of modular approaches in synthesis. These sources have helped to fill the void in numbers, but have done little to enhance the level of structural diversity or the cost factor. 

Companies make money in essentially two ways - they either increase revenue and/or reduce costs. On the revenue side, the business case for CSR is more difficult to quantify reliably, for too many factors influence a company s performance. The general economic climate, industry conditions and market demands, volume discounts to distributors to clear out inventory, and acquisitions all affect revenue, but none has anything do with a company s CSR. Similarly, with stock price, while CSR companies may be more attractive to socially responsible investors (SRI), their corporate responsibility is only one of a half dozen or more factors that influence the buying decisions of money managers and stock analysts. 

The downward slope of the curve indicates that demand increases as the price falls. However, this curve is shifted by certain factors such as taste of the customer. For instance, if the environmental imperative is legislated to the automobile manufacturer and the increasing desire to go green is present, then the demand will shift to the left. If the customer s awareness around global warming and environmental concerns manifests itself by a preference for a hybrid or electric vehicle over a 13-mpg, SUV, the market demand will shift as in Figure 1.4. 

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