Machining process

Trimming and Fleshing. The limed hides not fleshed before curing are usually trimmed and fleshed at this point in the production. The trimming is done by hand to remove any portions of the hide that could interfere with the subsequent machine processes, eg, the shanks, ears, and snout. 

Exposure and development must be predictable and repeatable because multiple pieces of film may be used for a single plate exposure. The proper exposure source and the intensity of that source must be estabUshed. The imagesetter must be properly linearized to produce the desired precise halftone dots. This film must be handled under correct safelight conditions and machine-processed in chemical developers at the correct speed and temperature. 

A. G. King and W. M. Wheildon, Ceramics in Machining Processes, Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1966. 

Paper may be colored by dyeing the fibers in a water suspension by batch or continuous methods. The classic process is by batch dyeing in the beater, pulper, or stock chest. Continuous dyeing of the fibers in a water suspension is adaptive to modem paper machine processes with high production speeds in modem mills. Solutions of dyestuffs can be metered into the high density or low density pulp suspensions in continuous operation. 

Paper may also be colored by surface appHcation of dyestuff solutions after the paper has been formed and dried or partially dried by utilizing size-press addition, calendar staining, or coating operations on the paper machine. In addition, paper may be colored in off-machine processes by dip dyeings or absorption of dyestuff solution and subsequent drying, such as for decorative crepe papers. 

Common-cause or inherent variability is due to the set of factors that are inherent in a machine/process by virtue of its design, construction and the nature of its... 

Surface preparation, e.g. polishing, tumbling, blasting, etching or a machine process, may be required due to the nature of the process or due to surface contamination. This can be an added source of variability. 

Figure 2.10 ISO tolerance grades for machining processes (adapted from Green, 1992)...

Figure 2.14 Relative manufacturing time as a function of surface roughness for several machining processes (BS 1134, 1990)...

Before the machine/process is bought (to see if it is capable of producing the components you require it to)... 

The sensible heat gain is determined by taking into account all the heat gains in a space, such as solar, fabric, infiltration, machines, processes, occupancy, lighting, etc. 

In most cases, this failure mode also excites the third (3x) harmonic frequency and creates strong axial vibration. Depending on the severity of the instability and the design of the machine, process instability also can create a variety of shaft-mode shapes. In turn, this excites the lx, 2x, and 3x radial vibration components. 

Unlike other infrared techniques, thermal or infrared imaging provides the means to scan the infrared emissions of complete machines, process or equipment in a very short time. Most of the imaging systems function much like a video camera. The user can view the thermal... 

Water-based coolants, as diluted and used in service, are much cheaper than neat oils, and they offer remarkable economic benefits in the applications to which they are best suited. (Neat oils, however, are preferred for some machining processes - usually involving severe operations - where they give overall production economies and reduced machine-tool maintenance.)... 

The involute tooth curve illustrated in Figure 57.22 is generated during the machining process using gear cutters... 

Fabricated Sprockets can be fabricated from machined parts such as hubs, webs, and rings. The actual material used in their constmction is determined by the specific application. The teeth on most of the fabricated sprockets are hardened after the machining process to provide longer wear life. 

Botkin, D. B. Running, S. W. Machine Processing of Remotely Sensed Data Symposium Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, 1984, pp. 326-332. 

Munoz, A.A., and Sheng, P., 1995. An analytical approach for determining the environmental impact of machining processes, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 53 (3-4), 736-758. 

The U.S. Army Defense Ammunition Center and School is employing the use of intrinsically safe electrical circuits in equipment designed to demilitarize and renovate munitions - from small arms to large projectiles. This is accomplished by using pneumatics and hydraulics to provide the power, while using position switches and solenoid valves linked to programmable controllers to direct the total machine process. 

In addition to the advantages of the composite plate over the traditional graphite plate mentioned before, the carbon/carbon composite plates have the advantage of lower densify (about 30% lower than the thermoset- or thermoplastic-based composite plates [16]) and higher manufacturing efficiency. This offers the potential of continuous production in comparison with the machining process for graphife plates. 

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