Ceramic materials machining process

A number of applications of power ultrasound are to be found in heavy industry both in metalworking and processing [17]. The machining of modem materials requires tools that can deal with unusual properties, complex shapes of work-pieces, and accuracy in working. Basic ultrasonic machining processes become of importance when dealing with carbides, stainless steels, ceramics and glass. Four main types of application are of industrial relevance ... 

B. Bhattacharyya, B.N. Doloi, S.K. Sorkhel Experimental investigations into electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) of non-conductive ceramic materials. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 95 (1999), p. 145. 

Unlike other subtractive machining processes, Generative Processes buUd parts by a layer-by-layer technique using form neutral substances like fluids, powders, foil-or wire-shaped materials by chemical and or physical reactions. In general the process, as shown in Fig. 79, results directly from a 3D model, which is sliced into thin cross-sections typically with a thickness of 0.1-0.4 mm. Depending on the kind of process, parts that may be difficult or even impossible to fabricate by conventional methods, can be produced out of polymers, metal, ceramic or composite materials [101]. A selection of RP-processes is described below, but due to the complexity of the processes readers are referred to the cited references. 

For the industrial use of these composite materials, the processing of these materials in particular is of great importance. Here, the machining shown as problematically, with occurrence of extremely high tools wear. This is caused due to the high hardness and the resulting abrasive effect of the ceramic reinforcement (Chen 1992 Tomac et al. 1992). 

Grzesik W (2008) Advanced machining processes of metallic materials. Elsevier, Amsterdam Grzesik W, Malecka J (2011) Documentation of tool wear progress in the machining of nodular ductile iron with silicon nitride-based ceramic tools. Ann CIRP 60(1) 121-124... 

Most past research on grinding mechanisms for ceramics has followed either the indentation fracture mechanics" approach or machining" approach. The indentation fracture mechanics approach would seem to offer the possibility of describing both the material removal process and its influence on strength degradation in terms of the force or depth of cut at an... 

Ceramic materials are difficult-to-machine materials. To obtain a good quality machined surface, it is necessary to use a very small depth of cut, usually at the submicron level, which keeps the process to very low productivity and efficiency. Most of the highly industrialized countries... 

The cleaning of the cooling lubricant assumes a special importance in terms of aspects such as its function and service life. Ceramic chip particles moreover increasingly attack guides and bearings when they circulate in the machine. Therefore, enhanced demands on the cleaning process must be placed when machining ceramic materials. 

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