Machine-made

High alpha-ceUulose chemical woodpulp paper, machine-made primarily from fast-growiag softwoods, sized usiag alkaline calcium compounds, and loaded with fillers and other additives, constitutes a presumably more stable material. Different types of paper are used for art, manuscripts, documents, books, etc, each having its own properties of color, texture, feel, etc. 

Turkey, for centuries, has been known for the beauty of its handwoven mgs dyed with natural dyes. Nowadays Turkish peasants prefer to dye machine-made mgs with synthetic dyes since these are more readily available and easier to apply. However, there is a growing demand by collectors and connoisseurs connoisseurs for handmade mgs dyed with natural dyes, especially alizarin, and they command premium prices (22). Also, there is a small demand for natural alizarin by artists and home dyers who claim that natural alizarin produces subde shades not obtainable with synthetic alizarin. Just as synthetic alizarin forced natural alizarin out of the market, synthetic alizarin has been replaced by azoic dyes since they are easier to apply. 

Machine-made hose with braided reinforcement, vulcanised in a lead sheath. It is available in lengths up to 500 ft, compared to the comparatively short lengths of hand-made hose. See Braided Hose and Lead Moulded Hose. 

Efforts to fabricate the NS-300 thin-fllm-composlte membrane by continuous machine casting at FllmTec Corporation have been only partially successful. A severe problem of membrane variability was experienced, which was due in part ostensibly to minor variations in machine-made polysulfone support films. This was studied, and it was postulated that, since there was no intermediate porosity zone as the crossllnked polyethylenimine layer in the NS-lOO membrane, the poly(plperazineamide) membranes would be more sensitive to the defects in the underlying polysulfone support (22). 

In contrast to dosator machines, dosing disc machines form plugs in segments through a series of tamping or compression events. The dosing disc machines made by various manufacturers can vary in the number of... 

To avert the danger arising from the mechanization of mixing appliances, chlorate mixtures are usually prepared either by primitive manual methods or in machines made chiefly of wood. 

Chinese firecrackers and American machine-made salutes are loaded with compositions which contain powdered alufninum and potassium chlorate or perchlorate. They produce a bright flash and an extremely sharp report when they explode. The compositions listed below are typical. The first four in the table have been used in Chinese firecrackers. For the last four the author is indebted to Allen F. Clark. 

The reduction of friction by lubricants was a prerequisite for the industrial revolution. Lubrication helps to reduce energy consumption and increase the lifetime of machines by minimizing wear. Without lubricants, almost no machine made of metal would work. It is not surprising that the phenomenon of friction and lubrication was of interest since ancient times. We know that the Egyptians wetted the sand on which they transported their stones, to reduce friction [493],... 

Since the early days of machine made paper in the first half of the nineteenth century, the most widely applied method of Internal sizing has been the use of naturally occurring resinous materials ("rosins") in conjunction with an aluminium salt, usually aluminium sulphate (called "alum" by paper-makers). Various forms of rosin sizes (rosin soaps, rosin emulsions, fortified rosins) have been developed over the years to improve the process, but these variants still involve the use of alum as a means of ensuring that fibres retain a layer of size. 

Materials. All paper samples were cut from a continuous length of machine-made rolls. Two different papers have been studied. One is a bleached Kraft wood pulp waterleaf (50-lb basis weight) made by Neenah Paper Mills from a stock that comprised northern softwoods (60Z) and Lake States hard woods (40J), and contained no additives. The second paper, Foldur Kraft, is a bleached Kraft paper (70-lb basis weight) made by Champion Paper Company from a stock of 90Z softwoods and 10Z hardwoods, with alum-rosin size and 8Z titanium dioxide filler. This paper was obtained 15 years ago. Since then it has been stored indoors in areas which have not enjoyed a carefully regulated environmental control. 

Machines to rotate the bottles are available commercially from a number of companies (e.g. Wheaton, Luckham, Hotpack, Voss Appendix 3) and many home made ones are in use (see Fig. 3.3). At Glasgow University one type of machine made in the Biochemistry Department will roll up to 120 bottles and in the Instituto Zoopro-filattico Sperimentale in Brescia they can roll up to 7000 bottles simultaneously. 

A new option for micromolders is an injection machine that replaces the traditional screw with a motor-driven plunger. Named for the part sizes it produces, the Sesame is a small electropneumatic micromolding machine made by Hull Corp. (Warminster, PA). The machine can mold 20 thermoplastic sesame seeds from a single pellet. Instead of a screwing action, the Sesame uses a tiny plunger to push material into the mold. This plunger, that can be as small as 1.5 mm in diameter, is... 

This is when all of your initial data, prep work, and STL files merge to create your rapid prototype. The human involvement is over, and the rapid prototyping machine builds the prototype in layers—a process that can take from 10 minutes to several hours or more. Exhibit 42.1 is a stereolithography machine made by 3D Systems Corporation. 

The problems to be solved in controlling the nuclear fusion reaction have, however, been enormous. The most obvious challenge is simply to find a way to hold the nuclear fusion reaction in place as it occurs. One cannot build a machine made out of metal, plastic, glass, or any other common kind of material. At the temperatures at which fusion occurs, any one of these materials would vaporize instantly. So how does one contain the nuclear fusion reaction ... 

Even 40 years ago, copying was slow and difficult. For a time, people used carbon paper to make copies while writing or typing. But every error had to be corrected on every copy, which made some copies messy and difficult to read. The mimeograph machine made it possible to reproduce dozens of copies in a few minutes, but required handwritten or typed originals. The final product was printed in purple but was not very stylish. 

In a machine made of superconducting materials, the electrical current would meet no resistance at all. All of the electrical energy could be used productively. It could make the machine operate, rather than being lost as heat. 

The VR-75 RRIM machine made by Accuratio Systems, Inc. (ASI) was used in this study, and a chromium polished steel mold (220 x 293 x 3 mm) with an aftermixer section was also used. It was equipped with cores for hot water circulation and was controlled at 60°C-70°C. The clamping force was supplied by a simple air bag press. The resin used consisted of a polyurea dispersion in a blend of... 

Attempts to scale up the NS-300 membrane preparation from the laboratory scale to continuous machine production led to a high degree of variability in membrane properties ( ). The difference was attributed in part to the variability of machine-made polysulfone support film. Properties of the machine-made polysulfone supports differed from the laboratory cast support films. One of the major factors affecting this difference was that the machine-made support film was cast on a nonwoven polyester backing material which can vary in properties. Thus, the machine support film, which was quite adequate for NS-lOO type membranes using polymeric amine reactants, still remained a limitation for the monomeric amine reaction of NS-300. 

In conclusion, some of the high salt rejection properties found with interfacial polypiperazineamide membranes in the laboratory could not be attained by a machine-made membrane. However, the machine-formed membrane may still find applications where high rejection of monovalent salts is not required but where high flux and rejection of larger solutes are useful. A limited effort to replace piperazine in the reaction with piperazine-terminated oligomers did not appear to resolve the membrane reproducability problem. Recent studies made on the use of piperazine terminated oligomers in composite membrane preparation were reported by R. Sudak et al at Membrane Systems, Inc. (46) and by J.F. Wolfe et al at Stanford Research Institute (47). 

BLEACHED MITSCHERLICH HANDSHEETS AND KRAFT MACHINE MADE PAPER 25-60 A 4... 

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