Paper Maker

Papier-fabrik, /. paper factory, paper mill, -fabrikant, m. paper maker, -fabrikation, /. paper making, -farbe, /. paper color, -filter, n. paper filter, -flftche, /. paper sur-faee, surfaee of the paper, -gam, n. paper yarn, paper twine, -handel, m. paper trade stationery, -handlung, /. stationer s shop, -holz, n. pulpwood. -jod, n. a solution of iodine and potassium iodide for test paper, papierkaschiert, a. paper-covered, paper-baeked (as metal foil). 

All paper makers could do 7 (7) 6 + ban of all MOSH/MOAH in papermaking... 

F. J. Greenane, Proc. Tech. Sect. Paper Makers Assoc. Gt. Brit, and Ireland, 25, 220 (1944). 

The initial adsorption of water by fibres up to a relative humidity of 80% is only around 10 to 15%, but paper makers are concerned... 

Because of the importance of particle surface charge in chemical interactions of components of the aqueous fibre and filler suspension, paper makers would like to know the charge characteristics of all of the individual components of the aqueous suspension. However, such information is difficult to obtain experimentally, and some kind of average value is normally the best that can be hoped for in a multi-component system. The techniques used to determine furnish charge are usually one of those described below. 

For the period from around 1840 to the early 1970s paper was usually made in an acidic environment at pHs of around 4-5. This was because many grades required the use of rosin and aluminium sulfate for the control of water penetration (sizing), and solutions of aluminium sulfate exhibit a pH of around 4.5. Aluminium sulfate has also been popular with paper makers because it assists the flocculation of colloidal particles and therefore behaves as a mildly... 

A low consistency suspension of fibres, pigments and chemical additives (thin stock) flows on to the moving wire mesh filtration medium of the paper machine where the wet web is formed. The water which drains away in this process (white water) is then recycled as far as it is practical to do so and is used to dilute the incoming high consistency suspension (thick stock). Retention can be considered either in overall terms or in terms of a single pass of the thin stock across the machine wire (first pass retention). For efficient operation, paper makers aim to achieve as high a first pass retention as possible, which they do by the use of retention aids. This reduces material losses and also assists in minimising the level of suspended solids in the effluent. 

In die eighteendi century, according to Caspar Neumann, alum was used in large quantity In some mechanic businesses, particularly by the dyers, paper makers, goldsmidis, bookbinders, for preserving watery liquors from corruption, for preserving anatomical preparations, and in die embalming of animal bodies It is far more powerfully antiseptic than the Vitriols" (147). 

Ta overcome this irregularity in thickness, paper-makers tried various methods, but the two modes in general use ore by a pump and a pulp meter. 

Creasey, Paper-Maker(London) 125, 398-400, 402-4(1953) CA 47, 7792(1953XExpln fire hazards of NC films) 209)R.W.VanDohah, "The Chemical Properties of Nitrocellulose , Allegany Ballistics Lab Rpt(Jan, 1953XStructure of NC ... 

Since the early days of machine made paper in the first half of the nineteenth century, the most widely applied method of Internal sizing has been the use of naturally occurring resinous materials ("rosins") in conjunction with an aluminium salt, usually aluminium sulphate (called "alum" by paper-makers). Various forms of rosin sizes (rosin soaps, rosin emulsions, fortified rosins) have been developed over the years to improve the process, but these variants still involve the use of alum as a means of ensuring that fibres retain a layer of size. 

In the production of corrugating medium, linerboard and other unbleached (Kraft) paperboard grades, starch is added as a slurry spray to the fiber mat on the paper-maker s wire.205 This procedure provides better starch retention in the sheet than the addition of dispersed starch to the stock. According to the position of the spray boom, starch can be forced into the sheet for strength gain or held on the surface for improved surface quality. 

Calcium carbonate cannot be used in the same low pH papermaking process that contains alum and rosin size. The presence of carbonate in an acid papermaking process causes severe problems such as foam, excess alum demand, inefficient sizing conditions with rosin size, and troublesome deposits. The alkaline system, therefore, enables the paper-maker to use calcium carbonate as a primary filler as well as to use more recycled paper. 

Wilson called yesterday evening for the last time.1 I told him of your kind offer to mention him to the Paper makers, but he said it would be useless, as, not being an analytical Chemist, they would not take him. He was admitted before examinations were required, and not having passed those examinations, he would be rejected, so there is an end of that. He thanks you very much all the same. 

Pulp is continuously fed into the fourdrinier machine on the surface of a moving endless belt of fine mesh screening, usually made of nylon. Deckle straps prevent the liquid pulp from slopping over the sides. The screening is shaken from side to side as it moves forward to help drain the water. Suction boxes below the screening pull more water through, as a wire-mesh-covered cylinder presses on the web of pulp from above. The cylinder may be covered with a plain wire cloth to impart a wove effect, or with wire in a ladder pattern to produce a laid effect. To produce a watermark, the paper-maker attaches a wire design to the cylinder. 

Explosives Engineer Hercules Chemist Paper Maker Endeavour IPI Quarterly... 

Stationers, Printers, Publishers, Booksellers, and Paper Makers Directory, Kelly s Direc-... 

Inhalation, dermal, perhaps some oral, and publications of uptake application to the genital area (uptake via the vagina). Potential occupational exposures include cosmetic workers, paint makers, paper makers, pottery makers, rubber cable coaters, rubber tire makers, talc millers, talc miners, and talc powder makers. Consumer exposures involve various talc-containing products. 

For the shredding of fibrous materials, paper, rags, etc., the beater of the paper makers may be employed. As may be seen from the illustration, this consists of a heavy wheel with bars set in (practically a roll with corrugations... 

In 1926 Hercules integrated backward by acquiring the Virginia Cellulose Company, the leading producer of cotton pulp, a major ingredient in nitrocellulose and related products. By the early 1930s, its lines had been expanded to include cellulose acetate, ethyl acetate, gum rosin, chlorinated rubber, and, with the acquisition of the Paper Makers Chemical Corporation in 1931, a line of products for paper production, which complemented the naval stores business. By then, in addition to the 60 percent of sales in explosives and propellants, 25 percent were in cellulose products and 15 percent in naval stores. 

The electrostatic assist process was developed to overcome a specific print defect which had plagued printers and paper makers for years, namely, skipped dots. 

Painters using polysulphide caulking compounds Paper makers... 

PANTHION (56-38-2) see parathion. PAPER MAKER S ALUM (10043-01-3) see alum. 

PAPER MAKER S ALUM (10043-01-3) Forms sulfuric acid with water. Aqueous solution has a violent reaction with bases and many other materials. See also Sulfuric Acid. Dry material is weakly corrosive to carbon steel aqueous solution attacks aluminum and other metals, forming hydrogen gas. 

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