Water circulation

The HILL-SCAN 30XX boards can be used in different PCs. Desktop- and tower-PCs as well suited for laboratory uses. For in-field inspections rugged notebooks and portable PCs are advantageous. A typical portable system is shown in Fig. 2 (USPC 3010), used in MUSE (Mobile Ultrasonic Equipment). This portable PC not only contains the boards for ultrasonic testing but also a controller with power supply for stepper motors, so that a manipulator can be connected directly. The MUSE system is enlarged with a water circulation system which enables a local immersion technique" for in-field inspections. A typical result is shown in Fig. 3, which presents a D-scan of a CFRP- component in RTM-techniques. The defect area caused by an impact is clearly indicated. The manipulator is described in [3]. 

For circulating water through a refractometer any commercial water circulating pump may be used.J... 

Fig. 10. An idealized view of an HDR heat mine. Water circulating ia a closed loop is heated as it passes through fractures ia the hot rock. The energy is...

A straight hne on Fig. 12-14, connecting the points representing the design water and wet-bulb temperatures, shows that a water concentration of 2 gal/ (min- ft") is required. The area of the tower is calculated as 1000 ft" (quantity of water circulated divided by water concentration). 

Coil condenser. An open tube, into which is sealed a glass coil or spiral through which water circulates. The tube is sometimes also surrounded by an outer cooling Jacket. A double coil condenser has two inner coils with circulating water. 

The failure took place in a large water-tube boiler used for generating steam in a chemical plant. The layout of the boiler is shown in Fig. 13.1. At the bottom of the boiler is a cylindrical pressure vessel - the mud drum - which contains water and sediments. At the top of the boiler is the steam drum, which contains water and steam. The two drums are connected by 200 tubes through which the water circulates. The tubes are heated from the outside by the flue gases from a coal-fired furnace. The water in the "hot" tubes moves upwards from the mud drum to the steam drum, and the water in the "cool" tubes moves downwards from the steam drum to the mud drum. A convection circuit is therefore set up where water circulates around the boiler and picks up heat in the process. The water tubes are 10 m long, have an outside diameter of 100 mm and are 5 mm thick in the wall. They are made from a steel of composition Fe-0.18% C, 0.45% Mn, 0.20% Si. The boiler operates with a working pressure of 50 bar and a water temperature of 264°C. 

Capacity The average amount of water circulating in the cooling system at any given time, expressed in gallons per minute. 

Cooling Factor The ratio of the pounds of water circulated per unit of time to the pounds of dry air cooling the water per unit of time. 

Drift Entrained water droplets that escape from the tower with the exhaust air expressed as a percentage of water circulated. 

Heat Load Amount of heat (in Btu) dissipated in a cooling tower. It is equal to the weight of water circulated per unit of time multiplied by the cooling range. 

This heat must be removed by the water circulating in the mould at a rate, Q... 

In a batch reaction plant, an exothermic reaction was cooled by water circulating in a jacket. The circulating pump failed and the reactor went out of control causing a violent explosion. A low flow alarm was present but was inoperable. A critical pump bearing had not been lubricated during maintenance, and the collapse of the bearing had led to the pump failure. 

Wasser-trockenscbrank, m. water-jacketed dry ing closet, -trommelgeblilse, n. water-drum blast, trompe. -tropfchen, n. water droplet, -tropfen, n. drop of water, -umlauf, m. water circulation. 

The LLW from nuclear power plants contains ion exchange resins as well as clothing, tools, and chemicals. Ion exchange resins, which comprise the majority of this LLW, are used to filter the water circulated in nuclear power plants. The ion exchange resins isolate and trap dissolved materials, much of which can be radioactive. Approximately three-fourths of commercially or privately generated LLW is in the form of the contaminated plastic beads that make up ion exchange resins. 

Drift Loss or Windage Loss the amount of water lost from a tower as fine droplets entrained in the leaving air. For an atmospheric type tower this is usually 0.1-0.2% of the total water circulated. For mechanical draft towers it is usually less. 

Make up water is about 1% of the water circulated in a closed system. For water being chilled from 50° to 40°F and used at 40°F ... 

In this case water boils at approximately 40 F (4.4 C), thereby cooling the chilled water circulating through... 

The manufacturer can furnish complete data on temperatures for the particular design together with the quantity of water circulated and the pressure drop through the jackets. 

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