Filler titanium dioxide

Materials. All paper samples were cut from a continuous length of machine-made rolls. Two different papers have been studied. One is a bleached Kraft wood pulp waterleaf (50-lb basis weight) made by Neenah Paper Mills from a stock that comprised northern softwoods (60Z) and Lake States hard woods (40J), and contained no additives. The second paper, Foldur Kraft, is a bleached Kraft paper (70-lb basis weight) made by Champion Paper Company from a stock of 90Z softwoods and 10Z hardwoods, with alum-rosin size and 8Z titanium dioxide filler. This paper was obtained 15 years ago. Since then it has been stored indoors in areas which have not enjoyed a carefully regulated environmental control. 

Titanium dioxide fillers of the rutile type are considerably better for polysulfide compounds than fillers of the anatase type. Titanium dioxide is generally used to impart whiteness or give better color stability to light colored compounds. These fillers, represented by Titanox 2020, are preferred for use in polysulfide compounds. Generally, the level for loading is in the range of 10 to 25 parts. 

CAS 1327-36-2 EINECS/ELINCS 215-475-1 Uses Extender tor titanium dioxide filler for rubbers, adhesives, coatings, plastics... 

Aluminum calcium silicate 3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane filler, epoxy composites jet engine components Carbon fiber filler, eye make up Titanium dioxide filler, fabrics Glass... 

Mica Microcrystalline cellulose filler, rouges Titanium dioxide filler, rubber... 

Mina et al. [19] demonstrated improvements in performance in isotactic polypropylene containing titanium dioxide filler. These include an increase in microhardness and impact properties with an increase in titanium dioxide content in the composite. Also, thermal stability is enhanced and electrical resistivity decreases with an inaease in titanium dioxide content. 

Figura 7.3(a) Variation of primary normal stress difference with shear rate for filled polystyrene melts containing 20 volume fraction of carbon black and titanium dioxide fillers. (Reprinted from Ref. 27 with kind permission from Society of Plastics Engineers Inc., Connecticut, USA.)...

Titanium tetrachloride is used to produce rutile titanium dioxide filler (used as a white colorant). 

Titanium Tetrachloride. The major use for titanium tetrachloride [7550 5-0] is in titanium dioxide production, and titanium dioxide [13463-67-7] is enjoying strong growth for use as a filler in pulp and paper manufacture and as a pigment in paint and plastic manufacture. Annual growth for this product is forecasted at between 2.5 and 3.0% through 1992. 

Fillers. These are used to reduce cost in flexible PVC compounds. It is also possible to improve specific properties such as insulation resistance, yellowing in sunlight, scuff resistance, and heat deformation with the use of fillers (qv). Typical filler types used in PVC are calcium carbonate, clays, siHca, titanium dioxide, and carbon black. 

Though functionally and chemically similar, fillers and pigments ate distinguished from one another in that fillers are added at the wet end of the paper machine, and serve to fill the sheet pigments are added at the size press and serve to alter the surface of the sheet. The most common fillers are mineral pigments, eg, clay, titanium dioxide [13463-67-7] calcium carbonate, siUca [7631-86-9], hydrated alumina [21645-51 -2], and talc [14807-96-6]. 

The initial uses of colorants in plastics were as extenders and additives. Carbon black and titanium dioxide were and are stiU used as fillers (qv) because of their low cost. Almost from plastics inception the limitation of black and white did not offer sufficient color choices for end users looking to differentiate their products. The increase in aesthetic requirements along with different performance requirements and resin compatibiUties led to a great expansion in the number of different chemical classes of colorants and forms in which these colorants are available in today s market. 

The formulation of calcium chelate materials is based upon the formation of a low-solubiUty chelate between calcium hydroxide and a sahcylate. Dycal utilizes the reaction product of a polyhydric compound and sahcyhc acid. Other sahcyhc acid esters can be similarly used. Vehicles used to carry the calcium hydroxide, extenders, and fillers may include mineral oil, A/-ethyl- -toluenesulfonamide [80-39-7] and polymeric fluids. The filler additions may include titanium dioxide [13463-67-7] zinc oxide, sihca [7631-86-9], calcium sulfate, and barium sulfate [7727-43-7]. Zinc oxide and barium sulfate are useflil as x-ray opacifying agents to ensure a density greater than that of normal tooth stmcture. Resins, rosin, limed rosins, and modified rosins may serve as modifiers of the physical characteristics in both the unset and set states. 

The polysulfide base material contains 50—80% of the polyfunctional mercaptan, which is a clear, amber, sympy Hquid polymer with a viscosity at 25°C of 35, 000 Pa-s(= cP), an average mol wt of 4000, a pH range of 6—8, and a ntild, characteristic mercaptan odor. Fillers are added to extend, reinforce, harden, and color the base. They may iaclude siUca, calcium sulfate, ziac oxide, ziac sulfide [1314-98-3] alumina, titanium dioxide [13463-67-7] and calcium carbonate. The high shear strength of the Hquid polymer makes the compositions difficult to mix. The addition of limited amounts of diluents improves the mix without reduciag the set-mbber characteristics unduly, eg, dibutyl phthalate [84-74-2], tricresyl phosphate [1330-78-5], and tributyl citrate [77-94-1]. 

Mineral fillers are used for light-colored compounds. Talc has a small particle size and is a semireinforcing filler. It reduces air permeabihty and has htde effect on cure systems. Calcined clay is used for halobutyl stoppers in pharmaceutical appHcations. Nonreinforcing fillers, such as calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide, have large particle sizes and are added to reduce cost and viscosity. Hydrated siUcas give dry, stiff compounds, and their acidity reduces cure rate hence, their content should be minimized. 

Titanium dioxide is a common pigment, and zinc oxide and magnesium oxide are common fillers in rubber base adhesives. 

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