Alkaline calcium

High alpha-ceUulose chemical woodpulp paper, machine-made primarily from fast-growiag softwoods, sized usiag alkaline calcium compounds, and loaded with fillers and other additives, constitutes a presumably more stable material. Different types of paper are used for art, manuscripts, documents, books, etc, each having its own properties of color, texture, feel, etc. 

Determining calcium levels normally does not identify hardness breakthrough because the calcium salt simply reacts with phosphate precipitant (or similar treatment) and is lost as a sludge. It does, however, produce an immediate and noticeable reduction in alkalinity. (Calcium bicarbonate breaks down to calcium carbonate and carbonic acid.)... 

BONE CHAR A decolorizing and de-ashing filtration material made from dried cattle bones that have been crushed and retorted (at >550°C) to activate their alkaline calcium phosphate crystalline structure and carbonaceous residue. 

When the water is too alkaline, swimmers experience similar physical discomfort—burning eyes and nose and itchy, dry skin. The effect on the pool, however, is different. When water is alkaline, calcium dissolved in the pool water can precipitate (fall) out of solution. A precipitate is a solid that forms from a solution due to a chemical reaction. This solid creates unsightly scales on the sides of the pool. Like water that is too acidic, alkaline water also affects the efficiency of the chlorine. More chlorine needs to be added to alkaline water to effectively disinfect the pool. Over time, a swimming pool that is not kept at a neutral pH can become very expensive to maintain. 

The desulfurization process can be carried out either, in a dedicated reactor, or within a simple storage vessel, or during transportation (in pipelines) or intermediate processing vessels. Nutrients addition, pH, and aeration are adjusted as necessary. Multiple stages can be added to the reaction to enhance the sulfur removal process and decrease the reaction time below the probable 300 h required. The produced sulfates are removed by the addition of agents such as alkaline calcium, magnesium, aluminum, barium, and metal compounds such as oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates. 

Calcium hydroxide is one of the most common causes of severe chemical eye burns. In almost all cases there is a semisolid particulate paste in contact with the cornea and conjunctiva, tending to adhere and to dissolve slowly. Strongly alkaline calcium hydroxide solution is formed and causes severe injury if not removed promptly. 

The aqueous effluent may require further treatment or multiple passes through the system before discharge. Influent with high levels of alkalinity, calcium, or iron can cause scaling of the system. The technology does not treat highly soluble VOCs or inorganic compounds. 

Although iron, manganese, magnesium, calcium, and aluminum arsenates are usually too water soluble to control arsenic mobility in soils (Inskeep, McDermott and Fendorf, 2002), 187, iron, aluminum, or manganese arsenates occur in some acidic soils. In particular, scorodite may form from the partial weathering of arsenian pyrite or arsenopyrite (Inskeep, McDermott and Fendorf, 2002), 187. Calcium arsenates may be present in alkaline calcium-rich soils (Matschullat, 2000), 303 (Mandal and Suzuki, 2002), 204. 

Wear nitrile rubber gloves, laboratory coat, and eye protection. In the fume hood, add slowly and cautiously, while stirring, to a large volume of alkaline calcium hypochlorite solution or household bleach. After 24 hours, flush down the drain with 50 times its volume of water.5... 

Periodically, batches of samples were removed from the freezer and thawed for analysis. Parameters examined included laboratory pH, conductivity, total alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, nitrate, chloride, sulfate, and aldicarb residues. 

Setting calcium hydroxide cements are typically based on liquid alkyl salicylates, and they are supplied to the clinician as a two-paste pack [36], Alkyl salicylates that have been used include methyl salicylate, isobutyl salicylate and 1-methyl trimethylene disalicylate [37], These cements set because the alkyl salicylate contains a phenolic -OH group which has acid character, and this means it can react with the alkaline calcium hydroxide [38],... 

Granat s chemical relationship for European rainwater assumes the following sources and acidities/alkalinities sulfuric acid from air pollutants with two equivalents of acidity per mole, nitric acid from air pollutants with one equivalent of acidity per mole, ammonia from air pollutants with one equivalent of alkalinity per mole, sea salt with negligible alkalinity, calcium soil dust with two equivalents of alkalinity per mole, magnesium soil dust with two equivalents of alkalinity per mole, and potassium soil dust with one equivalent of alkalinity per mole(3). Cogbill and Likens added hydrochloric acid air pollutants with one equivalent of acidity per mole for the northeastern United States calculations(4). 

Related water quality parameters (pH, alkalinity, calcium if carbonate stabilization is used, and orthophosphate or silicate if corrosion inhibitors are dosed) must also be assessed but at a lower frequency. 

High alkalinity. Calcium is insoluble in an alkaline medium, and is poorly utilized under such conditions. 

Solidification roasting process mixes alkaline calcium and sodium salts with refractory gold ores to solidify sulfur and arsenic in the calcination, avoiding the formation of air polluters (AS2O3 and SO2). With a proper calcium and sodium salt addition, over 90% As and S will be solidified. However, large amount of alkaline materials should be added to reach ideal solidification effect, even as many as some refractory gold ores itself. Since As and S will be solidified without volatilization, gold concentration in the roasted ore is reduced. 

Automatic water samplers at each of these sites were triggered when the water level reached a pre-set height. Composite samples, made up of four half-hourly sub-samples, were taken at two hour intervals for 48 hours. These samples, which were taken to monitor changes in water chemistry during episodes of high flow, were analysed for pH, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, aluminium (soluble and total after acidification of the sample), conductivity, chloride and humic substances. 

Other fillers - Kaolin and Ti02 are used in alkaline papermaking, but to a much lesser extent that in acid papermaking. Kaolins are cheaper in some eases than calcimn earbonate, and satisfy some filling requirements for alkaline. Calcium carbonate does not opacify well so TiOa must be used for some papers. The extender pigments, especially calcined clay and talc, are used and perform better than calcium carbonate when opacifying is needed. 

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