EPDM ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer

FIGURE 20.7 Phase images of ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) samples loaded with oil (50 wt%). Image in (a) was obtained on the unvulcanized sample and images in (b,c,d) on samples cross-linked with different amounts of sulfur curative 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 phr, respectively. 

FIGURE 20.12 (a) Top part shows variations of elastic modulus profile measured in different locations of the polypropylene (PP)-ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) blend. The locations are shown by white dots in the blend phase image placed at the bottom. Vertical white dashed lines show the components borders and the elastic modulus value for this location. Vertical black dotted lines indicate the locations where elastic modulus E gradually changes between PP (E ) and EPDM (E )- These values are indicated with black arrows on the E axis, (b) LvP curves for PP-matrix, EPDM-domains, and one of interface locations. The approach curves are seen as solid black lines and the retract curves as gray lines. 

Ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers (EPDM), with their inherent complexity in structural parameters, owe their tensile properties to specific structures dictated by polymerization conditions, among which the controlling factor is the catalyst used in preparing the polymers. However, no detailed studies on correlation between tensile properties and EPDM structures have been published (l,2). An unusual vulcanization behavior of EPDMs prepared with vanadium carboxylates (typified by Vr g, carboxylate of mixed acids of Ccj-Cq) has been recently reported Q). This EPDM attains target tensile properties in 18 and 12 minutes at vulcanization temperatures of 150 and l60°C respectively, while for EPDMs prepared with V0Cl -Et3Al2Cl or V(acac) -Et2AlCl, about 50 and 0 minutes are usually required at the respective vulcanization temperatures, all with dieyclopentadiene (DCPD) as the third monomer and with the same vulcanization recipe. This observation prompted us to inquire into the inherent structural factors... 

Thioureas mainly find use for the vulcanisation of CR, epichlorohydrin (ECO) and some ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) compounds. They show high crosslinking activity, with usually adequate compound flow time before onset of the crosslinking. In EPDMs, the thioureas are used as activators for low activity third monomer types and, in the presence of calcium oxide desiccants, in free state vulcanisation of extrudates, etc. The use of thioureas can overcome the retardation caused by the desiccant. In this case some care must be taken otherwise overcompensation may occur. Thioureas are not used in food product applications and are a known health hazard, particularly for pregnant women. 

MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CLOSED CELL MICROCELLULAR ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE-DIENE TERPOLYMER(EPDM) RUBBER VULCANISATES - EFFECT OF SILICA FILLER AND BLOWING AGENT Guriy a K C Tripathy D K Indian Institute of Technology... 

Tires, natural mbber tubes, and butyl tubes are the main sources of scrap and reclaim (see Elastomers, synthetic-polyisoprene). Specialty reclaim materials are made from scrap silicone, chloroprene (CR), nitrile— butadiene (NBR), and ethylene—propylene—diene—terpolymer (EPDM) mbber scraps (see... 

Post and co-workers [49] have used TG-FTIR to study the outgassing of a plasticiser (type and amount) from an ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) compound. Figure 1.6 shows the thermogravimetric decomposition behaviour of the EPDM compound. The plasticiser emerges in the first mass-loss step, which was identified as adipic acid diisobutylester by on-line infrared analysis. 

Infrared methods for copolymer composition like SBR, NBR, ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPM), ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) are listed in Table 3.3. 

Sulfonation is very useful chemical modification of polymer, as it induces high polarity in the polymer changing its chemical as well as physical properties. Sulfonated polymers are also important precursors for ionomer formation [75]. There are reports of sulfonation of ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) [76, 77], polyarylene-ether-sulfone [78], polyaromatic ether ketone [79], polyether ether ketone (PEEK) [80], styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer, (SEBS) [81]. Poly [bis(3-methyl phenoxy) phosphozene] [82], Sulfonated polymers show a distinct peak at 1176 cm"1 due to stretching vibration of 0=S=0 in the -S03H group. Another peak appears at 881 cm 1 due to stretching vibration of S-OH bond. However, the position of different vibrational bands due to sulfonation depends on the nature of the cations as well as types of solvents [75, 76]. 

At room temperature, PE is a semi-crystalline plastomer (a plastic which on stretching shows elongation like an elastomer), but on heating crystallites melt and the polymer passes through an elastomeric phase. Similarly, by hindering the crystallisation of PE (that is, by incorporating new chain elements), amorphous curable rubbery materials like ethylene propylene copolymer (EPM), ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), chlorinated polyethylene (CM), and chlorosulphonated polyethylene (CSM) can be prepared. 

Similar approaches apply to carbon black - polybutadiene mixtures [45,46]. A thorough study of ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) - carbon black has been developed using NMR a clear evidence for adsorbed EPDM is given in addition to the presence of polymeric strands connecting aggregates to one another [47]. 

Solid-state 13C NMR has been used to identify elastomers in binary blends of chloroprene (CR) and NR, CR and CSM, NR and CSM, and SBR and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR). The type of NBR can be determined by identifying the sequences of acrylonitrile and butadiene. The tertiary blend of NR/SBR/BR was also studied [49]. High-temperature 13C solid-state NMR identified ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) and fluoro and nitrile rubbers [50]. 

On-line SEC-NMR has successfully applied to the determination of chemical composition distribution in ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers (EPDM) by the use of H-NMR at 750 MHz [24], EPDM containing 2-ethylidene-5-norbornene (ENB), as a diene... 

Figure 12.1 A typical 129Xe NMR spectrum of a polymer at a temperature above the glass transition temperature (T ) (here ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM)) in a ca. 1,000,000 Pa Xe atmosphere. The signal of the free gas is used as an internal...

Improved ABS-similar resins can be obtained by grafting SAN onto ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers (EPDMs) which contain, usually, a much lower degree of unsaturation than polybutadiene, thus achieving hi er thermal-oxidative resis-tance However, only EPDMs containing a sufficient amount (7—10 double bonds per 1,000 C atons) of reactive unsaturations, e.g. ethylidene or isopropylidene groups, display a grafting efficiency sufiident to bring about compatibility of the ssy i se with the rubbery one and hence satisfactory final properties. 

Study on the blends of ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) and atactic polypropylene (aPP) reported by Silva et is another case of... 

These polyolefin rubbers are produced in two main types the saturated co-polymers, ethylene propylene rubber (EPM), and the unsaturated ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM). The monomers are co-polymerised in ziegler natta type catalysts. The EPDM types are capable of sulfur vulcanisation as they contain, in addition to olefins, a non coagulated diene as the third monomer. 

Red lead is an ingredient generally used in all Neoprene compounds for tank linings for good water and chemical resistance. But it should not be used in compounds of Neoprene designed for contact with food or potable water. Tubes or pipes for conveying potable water are made of ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) rubbers. 

We will now report the results of autohesion for homogeneous, symmetric joints of polyisoprene rubber (IR) and styrene-butadiene copolymer (SBR) both vulcanized by a sulfur-based system (Section 24.2.1), and of ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) crossHnked by an electron beam (Section 24.2.2). 

Nowadays commercial mixtures of bitumens with uncured synthetic elastomers are produced, e.g. ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers (EPDM), styrene-butadiene sequence copolymers (SBS), and ethylene-acrylic ester-acrylic acid terpolymers (AECM). Mixtures with some thermoplastics are also commercial products, e.g. polyethylene (PE), ethylene-propylene copolymers (EPM), alpha-olefinic copolymers, atactic polypropylene (aPP), and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA). 

The use of dispersions of saturated rubbers, such as ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM), in polybutadiene or natural rubber has become important in the manufacture of elastomers that resist cracking due to ozone attack (O Mahoney, 1970). The latter two elastomers contain... 

Yamada and co-workers [6] determined the degradation products in the region of ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM). These are listed in Table 2.1. 

Assis et al. (2005) extracted and concentrated the volatile compounds of the coffee beverage via PV using a flat membrane of ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM). Shepherd et al. (2002) used PDMS hfs for orange juice aroma recovery. Zhang et al. (2006) used CA membranes for PV separation of a methanol-Cs mixture. 

Ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) is an unsaturated PO rubber with wide applications. Several researchers [136,160,317] reported the results of investigations on... 

Grigoryeva, O. P. and Karger-Kocsis, J. 2000. Melt grafting of maleic anhydride onto an ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM). European Polymer Journal 36 1419-1420. 

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