Binder Types

This transition produces an isomorphous phase and the resulting y-alumina has the same morphology and texture as its boehmite precursor. With increasing temperature and time the mean pore diameter increases gradually and other phases appear (S-, 6-alumina). Due to the broad XRD lines, the distinction between y- and S-alumina cannot be made 6-alumina occurs at about 900°C while the conversion to the chemically very stable a-alumina phase takes place at T> 1000°C. Some typical results for alumina membranes synthesized without binders are given in Table 2.4. When PVA was used as a binder, thermogravimetric analysis showed that, provided the appropriate binder type was used, the binder could be effectively removed at T > 400°C. The ash residue is of the order of 0.01 wt.%. Mean pore size and... 

Results. Burning Rates. Burning rates were measured for a number of propellant systems. These results, together with those from the literature (see Review Section and Figure 15), show that subatmospheric burning rates tend to follow a straight line on the (log r) vs. (log p) plot the slope is usually around 0.7, but for some binder types such as... 

Figure 16. Effect of binder type on burning rate of ammonium perchlorate propellants. Mean particle size of AP is 5fi...

The construction was accomplished by SWRI on a low-volume road at its San Antonio facility in December, 1979. The total pavement is 645 feet (197 m) long, 24 feet (7.3m) wide, and includes ten Sulphlex sections in addition to portland cement concrete and an asphaltic concrete control sections. Three different Sulphlex binders, numbers -233, -126, and -230, were employed in the construction besides the binder type, variables include the binder content, the pavement thickness, and the number of lifts used in the construction. 

Heterogeneous Membranes of the Ion-Exchange Resin Plus Binder Type... 

As a binder system polymers are utilized. If the binders contain energy or gas-producing molecular groups (-N02, -N3), one classifies the binders as Active Binders (e.g. polynitropolyphenylene, glycidyl azide polymer, polyvinyl nitrate and nitrocellulose). If these substances are not present, then the binders are classified as inert binders. Depending on available processing methods, binder types such as thermoset material, thermoplast or gelatinizers can be used. They can then be formed and cured by chemical or physical means. 

For thermoset materials, reactive polymers such as polyesters or polybutadiene derivatives combined with curing agents (e.g. isocyanates) are utilized. For thermoplasts one uses long-chained, partially branched polyether (Movital) or polymeric flouridated hydrocarbons (Fluorel). An example of a gelatin binder type is celluloseacetobutyrat (CAB), which is normally used in combination with nitrocellulose. 

The production of LOVA powders is dependant on the chosen binder type. When thermoset materials are used, the system of energy carrier/binders/curing agents is kneaded together. The same is true when gelatines are used, however in this case, gelatinizing solvents (usually alcohol and ether) are added. 

Thermoplasts, after being combined with energy carriers, are processed on hot rollers into a plastic material. The subsequent shaping is achieved by means of hydraulic mold presses and cutting machines. Depending on the binder type, the resulting powder kernels are cured (thermoset material), cooled (thermoplast), or dried by the removal of solvents (gelatin). 

Increase hardness to reduce wear Minimize binder plasticity Minimize agglomerate voidage Increase binder concentration or change binder. Binder plasticity strongly influenced by binder type. See above effects which decrease agglomerate voidage. 

Depending on available processing methods, binder types such as thermoset material, thermoplast or gelatinizers can be used. They can then be formed and cured by chemical or physical means. 

Figure 177. The effect of viscous hardening binder type on average product granule size ...

No. Binder type or molar compositionb Hydroxyl content, meq/100 g ED behavioxir Bath stability (1U d/23 °C) Crosslink- ability Salt-spray rating (10 days) ... 

Binder Type, chemistry Quantity If solution, concentration and quantity Viscosity Fluidizing gas shape/droplet size Liquid flow rate Velocity/pressure Inlet/outlet temperatures... 

Fig. 8.26 Effect of binder type on the crushing strength of briquettes made from metallurgical dust [8.2.1]. Amounts of binder added waste paper, 2% molasses, 6% lime, 6% starch, 6%...

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