Loss of body weight

A similar classification scheme is used to gauge the severity of active CD.2 Patients with mild to moderate CD are typically ambulatory and have no evidence of dehydration, systemic toxicity, loss of body weight, or abdominal tenderness, mass, or obstruction. Moderate to severe disease is considered in patients who fail to respond to treatment for mild to moderate disease, or those with fever, weight loss, abdominal pain or tenderness, vomiting, intestinal obstruction, or significant anemia. Severe to fulminant CD is classified as the presence of persistent symptoms or evidence of systemic toxicity despite outpatient corticosteroid treatment, or presence of cachexia, rebound tenderness, intestinal obstruction, or abscess. 

Birds are comparatively resistant to the biocidal properties of cadmium. Adult drake mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) fed up to 200 mg cadmium per kg diet for 90 days all survived with no loss of body weight (White and Linley 1978). Laying hens fed 200 mg Cd/kg diet also survived egg production was suppressed at that concentration but not at lower concentrations (White and Linley 1978). Marine and terrestrial animals, including ducks, have been shown to be particularly abundant in a wildlife community associated with a marine sewer outfall (Brown et al. 1977). These animals were contaminated with high levels of cadmium, as well as zinc and copper, but were apparently protected from the deleterious effects of high metal body burdens by metallothioneins. Amounts... 

During the First World War, trinitrotoluene (abbreviated to TNT) was the explosive used in shells and bombs. It was noticed that many of the women who packed the explosive into shells suffered from fever and loss of body weight. In some cases the fever was fatal. The cause was not known. Some time later, it was discovered that a very similar chemical, namely dinitrophenol, was an uncoupling agent. The fever and loss of weight were due to uncoupling caused by TNT (i.e. causing a leak of protons back across the mitochondrial membrane). 

One obvious symptom of a patient suffering from trauma is loss of body weight. This is due to increased mobilisation of both triacylglycerol in adipose tissue and degradation of protein in skeletal muscle. 

Hydrolysis of triacylglycerol and release of the resultant fatty acids from adipose tissue is increased and accounts, in part, for loss of body weight. Despite this, the plasma fatty acid level is not always increased, which suggests... 

Body Weight Effects. Unknown amounts of inhaled 1,4-dichlorobenzene have been reported to cause decreases in body weight in humans (Cotter 1953). Little more significant information was reported in these individual case studies, indicating that other factors may have resulted in the loss of body weight. The human database is insufficient to draw any substantial conclusion about 1,4-dichlorobenzene s ability to cause decreases in body weight. 

Two bladder papillomas and three bladder carcinomas were observed in six dogs fed a total of 5.5-7g (l.Omg/kg, 5 days/week for life). In another study, each of four dogs developed urinary bladder carcinomas with predominantly squamous differentiation in 21-34 months after ingestion of 0.3 g of 4-amin-odiphenyl three times per week (total dose 87.5-144g/dog) hematuria, salivation, loss of body weight, and vomiting were also noted, and all animals died within 13 months of the first appearance of a tumor. ... 

Body weight and clinical observations are the major source of information for determining maternal toxicity (see below). Especially during the first days of treatment, a decrease in body weight gain compared to controls or even a loss of body weight may be observed. 

Body Weight Effects. Body weight loss after exposure to diazinon is not likely to be a health effect of concern in humans. Although significant loss of body weight was observed in dogs given oral diazinon... 

Willner, P., Moreau, J. L., Nielsen, C. K., Papp, M. and Sluzewska, A. (1996) Decreased hedonic responsiveness following chronic mild stress is not secondary to loss of body weight. Physiol Rehav 60, 129-134. 

Mouse NR Whole body 2.5,5.0 8 h/d for 3d Animals exhibited loss of body weight. At 5.0 ppm, microscopic changes found in lungs. Investigators did not report examination of lungs of animals exposed to the lower concentration. LOAEL 5.0 Schlagbauer and Henschler 1967 (as cited in WHO 1982)... 

During the past two decades, essentiality of zinc for man has been established. Deficiency of zinc in man due to nutritional factors and several dls-seased states, has been recognized. A marginal deficiency of zinc appears to be prevalent in many segments of population in developed countries and more severe deficiencies are widespread in many parts of the world. In our experimental human model, a marginal deficiency of zinc was induced by dietary means. Loss of body weight (less than 10% in six months on zinc restricted diet), testicular hypofunction, hyperammonemia and a decrease in plasma, urinary and neutrophil zinc concentration were observed. Changes in zinc dependent enzymes such as deoxythymldine kinase in newly synthesized connective tissue and plasma alkaline phosphatase were also observed as a result of zinc restriction and repletion in our model. 

Mild poisoning headache, dizziness, weakness, fatigue, nervousness, loss of appetite, thirst, nausea, irritation of throat and nose, eye irritation, constriction of pupils, blurred vision, skin irritation, changes in mood, loss of body weight... 

Oral exposure to uranium compounds has caused body weight effects in animals, but these effects are not necessarily the result of systemic toxicity. The initial loss of body weight observed in animals exposed... 

Body weight and body fat Decreased body weight and body fat. Greater losses of body weight and body fat. ... 

Protein malnutrition causes changes that are likely to influence pharmacokinetics, e.g. loss of body weight, reduced hepatic metabolising capacity, hypo-proteinaemia. 

These findings are in accordance with Chua et al study in the volume depleted female Sprague-Dawley rat [106]. Rats were injected intramuscularly with five times the human dose of TMP-SMZ (100/500 mg/kg/ day) for nine days. Prior to treatment, the animals were placed in a low sodium diet for seven days and salt depleted by means of administration of furosemide (2 mg/kg/day) for the first three days. At baseline, experimental and control (glucose given instead of TMP-SMZ) groups have similar GFR, serum creatinine, and hematocrit and were conserving sodium maximally. Nine days of TMP-SMZ did not affect GFR, serum creatinine or electrolyte levels. Loss of body weight and anemia only developed in the rats treated with TMP-SMZ. In this study performed in female rats, known to have a lower tubular secretion of creatinine [107,108], TMP did not appear to decrease the tubular secretion of creatinine. 

The primary objective of treatment in obesity is to promote a loss of body weight over a prolonged period and, thereby improve health and reduce the risk of the associated morbidity. As obesity is a chronic condition, clinically effective treatment must be planned to ensure that any weight loss is maintained over the longer term. Short term weight reduction should only... 

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