Squamous differentiation

Celis JE et al. Proteomics and immuno-histochemistry define some of the steps involved in the squamous differentiation of the bladder transitional epithelium a novel strategy for identifying metaplastic lesions. Cancer Res 1999 59 3003-3009. 

In squamous cell carcinomas, focal expression of K1 and K10, usually in relation to maturation and keratinization, can be observed regardless of whether they are derived from the skin or from internal organs (for references, see Moll 1998). However, quantitatively, squamous cell carcinomas embark on an alternative maturation pathway characterized by abundant expression of K6 and K16. In summary, basal-type keratins K5 and K6 are useful as general markers for tumors derived from basal (K5/14+ progenitor) cells, whereas K1 and K10 can be regarded as keratinization markers and therefore as squamous differentiation markers. 

Jetten, A. M. 1989. Multistep process of squamous differentiation in tracheobronchial epithelial cells in vitro Analogy with epidermal differentiation. Environ Health Perspect 80 149-160. 

Lechner, J. F., A. Haugen, I. A. McClendon, and A. M. Shamsuddin. 1984. Induction of squamous differentiation of normal human bronchial epithelial cells by small amounts of serum. Differentiation 25 229-237. 

Two bladder papillomas and three bladder carcinomas were observed in six dogs fed a total of 5.5-7g (l.Omg/kg, 5 days/week for life). In another study, each of four dogs developed urinary bladder carcinomas with predominantly squamous differentiation in 21-34 months after ingestion of 0.3 g of 4-amin-odiphenyl three times per week (total dose 87.5-144g/dog) hematuria, salivation, loss of body weight, and vomiting were also noted, and all animals died within 13 months of the first appearance of a tumor. ... 

Rodrigo, J.P., Garcia-Pedrero, J.M., Fernandez, M.P., Morgan, R.O., Suarez, C., and A. Herrero, 2005, Annexin A1 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma correlates with squamous differentiation. Am J Rhinol. 19(5) 483-7. 

Bonnard, C., Lechner, J.E, Gerwin, B.I., fujiki, H., and Harris, C.C. 1988. Effects of palytoxin or ouabain on growth and squamous differentiation of human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. Carcinogenesis 9, 2245-2249. 

Although once the most common type of NSCLC, squamous cell (or epidermoid) carcinoma now accounts for less than 30% of all lung cancers, and is distinguished histologically by evidence of squamous differentiation. This tumor tends to be central in origin, arising from metaplastic bronchial epithelium, and frequently extends into the bronchial lumen, resulting in obstruction. Squamous cell carcino-... 

Almost all squamous cell carcinomas, half of transitional cell carcinomas, and many undifferentiated large cell carcinomas immunostain with CK5/6 (Table CK5/6 has excellent sensitivity and specificity for the detection of squamous differentiation in poorly differentiated carcinomas.p63 is also seen with high frequency in squamous and transitional carcinomas, and when used with the CK5/6 antibody affords high sensitivity and specificity for squamous differentiation. 758... 

Pleomorphic carcinoma, as defined by Fishback and associates,is a neoplasm that occurs predominantly in older patients and is composed predominantly of spindle cells and large pleomorphic giant cells. In 78 cases, the authors found foci of squamous differentiation in 8% of cases, large cell undifferentiated carcinoma in 25% of cases, and adenocarcinoma in 45% of cases. The remaining 22% of the neoplasms were composed of neoplastic... 

FIGURE 15.4 Among invasive carcinomas of the pancreas, p63 expression is detected oniy in areas with squamous differentiation. 

CK13, and p63 (see Fig. 15.4) are limited to the areas of squamous differentiation, whereas CK7, CK20, CA19-9, CEA, and B72.3 often label the glandular... 

Ylagan LR, Scholes J, Demopoulos R. Cd44 a marker of squamous differentiation in adenosquamous neoplasms. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2000 124 212-215. 

Presence of cellular/nuclear pleomorphism, necrosis, squamous differentiation, and Intraductal sheet pattern of growth with HMWCK/p63 Immunostalning all strongly support urothelial carcinoma. 

HMWCK is useful in differentiating URCa (+) from PCa (usually -). However, a cautionary note is warranted given that HMWCK labels squamous epithelia including areas of squamous differentiation in posttherapy recurrent PCa lesions. HMWCK positivity that is restricted to areas of squamous differentiation does not exclude the diagnosis of PCa. 2... 

Parwani AV, Kronz JD, Genega EM, et al. Prostate carcinoma with squamous differentiation an analysis of 33 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004 28 651. 

Warn Y, Notohara K, Saegusa M, et al. Aberrant Cdx2 expression in endometrial lesions with squamous differentiation important role of Cdx2 in squamous morula formation. Hum Pathol. 2008 39 1072-1079. 

Recently p63, a homologue of the tumor suppressor protein p53, has gained use as a multi-tasker in multiple organs for the detection of MECs, basal cells (prostate), and myoepithelial differentiation (breast metaplastic carcinoma and salivary gland tumors) and as a marker for squamous differentiation. 78,29 advantage of... 

Rarely, gliosarcomas and glioblastomas produce adenoid formations or epithelial foci with squamous differentiation and keratin pearls.These regions stain immunohistochemically for CK and EMA (see Table... 

Endometrioid adenocarcinoma Variants With squamous differentiation Villoglandular Secretory With ciliated cells... 

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