Long term effects of chemicals

Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (2003) The long term effects of chemicals in the environment, twenty-fourth report Chemicals in products. Safeguarding the Environment and Human Health, London Sharma VP (2003) DDT The fallen angel. Current Science 85(11) 1532-1537 Schwager P, Moser F (2006) The application of Chemical Leasing business models in Mexico. ESPR 13(2) 131-137... 

LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS ON DEVELOPING BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR M. MIRMIRAN and S. DE BOER... 

In any case it is unknown what the long-term effects of chemical substances will have for all of humanity, aside from the fact that the majority of chemical substances stay on the market until the substance is proven to have caused harm — a reversal of the burden of... 

Bertazzi, P. A. Long-term effects of chemical disasters. Lessons and results from Seveso, The Science of the Total Environment, 1991,106(1-2), 5-20. 

Nevertheless, nations with sufficient resources to pioneer the future must surely do so and the U S has long borne such responsibility. If there is doubt about the long term effects of chemicals in the environment then it is clearly prudent to restrict their use as far as possible Restrictions on use also seem to be the only way to verify experimentally some of the speculations about the long term behaviour of existing residues If the reduced use of OC in the U S and other advanced countries can compensate for the continuing need for them elsewhere, then, hopefully, the overall degree of environmental contamination can... 

The purpose of this volume is to provide the background knowledge so that the short- and long-term effects of chemical pollution can be evaluated and the risks understood. There are 11 more chapters, each a specific building block towards the understanding of the status of the field of environmental... 

IRPTC cooperates with the Commonwealth of Independent States Committee for Science and Technology and its successor body to produce an extensive series of mtxiographs which review the scientific literature in Russian on selected hazardous chemicals. Many titles deal with pesticides. A small number of specialised publications have been produced as a result of this cooperation, for example. Long Term Effects of Chemicals and Principles of Pesticide Toxicology. 

The basic hazards can arise from skin contact, respiration and actual ingestion of the chemicals, and from other effects, such as fire or explosion, that may be caused by inadequate caution in handling some of them. Latest thinking on environmental care also spotlights the potential long-term effect of chemicals such as additives. Alongside extensive research into direct hazards to health, there has also been considerable development of safer forms in which to offer additives, to prevent or control escape into the atmosphere. 

Bijani, K.H., Moghadamnia, A.A., 2002. Long-term effects of chemical weapons on respiratory tract in the Iran-Iraq war victims living in Babol (North of Iran). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 53, 422-424. 

Workers in the metals treatment industry are exposed to fumes, dusts, and mists containing metals and metal compounds, as well as to various chemicals from sources such as grinding wheels and lubricants. Exposure can be by inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Historically, metal toxicology was concerned with overt effects such as abdominal coHc from lead toxicity. Because of the occupational health and safety standards of the 1990s such effects are rare. Subtie, chronic, or long-term effects of metals treatment exposure are under study. An index to safety precautions for various metal treatment processes is available (6). As additional information is gained, standards are adjusted. 

CFCs represent only one class of chemicals being released to the atmosphere which have long-term effects. Replacement chemicals will be re-... 

Lay, J.P., A. Muller, L. Peichl, W. Klein, and F. Korte. 1984. Long-term effects of the herbicides atrazine and dichlobenil upon the phytoplankton density and physico-chemical conditions in compartments of a freshwater pond. Chemosphere 13 821-832. 

Somewhat in contrast, there are considerable data concerning the relatively long-term effects of exposure to toxic materials, where there are irritation, tumorigenic, reproductive, or mutation consequences (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, 1983). In the... 

Relative insensitivity of epidemiologic studies in detecting long-term effects of low-level chemical exposures. 

Research interest in POPs appears to be a relatively recent phenomenon with a dramatic increase in the POPs related publications since 1993. Despite a significant number of research studies most of this is limited to studies of field exposure and analytical methods with few studies on risk assessment, alternatives to POPs or management and disposal techniques. Some participants pointed out that there have been few studies in China assessing the long-term effects of POPs on people or critical ecosystems, studies that would be particularly useful for decisionmakers and for increasing public awareness of the problems posed by such chemicals. 

Holcombe, G.W., Benoit, D.A., Hammermeister, D.E., Leonard, E.N., andjohnson, R.D. Acute and long-term effects of nine chemicals on the Japanese medaka Oryzlas latlped), Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, 28(3) 287-297, 1995. 

In some species, however, e.g. ash, Fraxinus excelsior, cells of the traumatic axial parenchyma of the compartmentalization wall 4 may show no evidence of cell wall alterations, yet appear to act normally as a functional barrier to decay (Pearce, R.B., unpublished data). It is to be presumed that the spread of decay fungi is arrested either by chemical defences or by environmental constraints (cf. 26-28) in such species. Clearly, a contribution may be made by these defences in suberizing species also phytoalexin-like antifungal compounds have been detected in association with a suberized wall 4 barrier in Acer saccharinum (42). More work will be required to elucidate the long-term effectiveness of the various mechanisms maintaining the function of these barrier walls. 

In 1982, the Committee reported (Volume 1) on possible long-term effects of two pharmacologic classes of chemicals... 

Because information on possible long-term effects of the other irritant chemicals used in the Edgewood tests is sparse, this chapter focuses on the effects of mustard gas and two lacrimators, CS and CN. Information on the potential long-term adverse effects of these chemicals is derived from several sources first, observation of long-term disabilities in soldiers who were exposed to a single (in most cases) toxic concentration of irritant during World War I and in persons exposed in peacetime accidents or riot-control procedures second, studies of morbidity in workers chronically exposed to chemical irritants during their manufacture and third, studies in which experimental laboratory animals were exposed to selected chemicals by topical application, injection, or aerosol inhalation. 

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