Fraxinus excelsior

Hydroxy C28 Dihydroxy acids S Fraxinus excelsior bark 0.9... 

In some species, however, e.g. ash, Fraxinus excelsior, cells of the traumatic axial parenchyma of the compartmentalization wall 4 may show no evidence of cell wall alterations, yet appear to act normally as a functional barrier to decay (Pearce, R.B., unpublished data). It is to be presumed that the spread of decay fungi is arrested either by chemical defences or by environmental constraints (cf. 26-28) in such species. Clearly, a contribution may be made by these defences in suberizing species also phytoalexin-like antifungal compounds have been detected in association with a suberized wall 4 barrier in Acer saccharinum (42). More work will be required to elucidate the long-term effectiveness of the various mechanisms maintaining the function of these barrier walls. 

Bai NS., HK, Ibarra A, Bily A, Roller M, Chen XZ, Riihl R. Iridoids from Fraxinus excelsior with Adipocyte Differentiation-Inhibitory and PPARa Activation Activity. Journal of Natural Products 2010 (73) 2-6. 

Oleuropein, a secoiridoid glycoside Fraxinus excelsior (ash tree), Olea europaea (olive tree) and Ligustrum obtusifolium from the family Oleaceae are the major sources of oleuropein. This compound has hypotensive. 

Subsequent studies show that iodoalkanes of 1-4 carbons (2388) and chloroacetic acids form abiotically in soil (413), in addition to their well-known biogenic enzymatic formation. An abiotic source of CH3Br is suggested for the emission of this gas from ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and saltwort (Batis maritima), plants having known bromine content (2389). The emissions are a function of both temperature increase and bromine concentration. The natural formation of chloroethyne (58) in soil is also proposed to involve a Fenton reaction (382), as is the production of dichloroacetic and trichloroacetic acids from phenols and soil humic acid (413). 

Nykvist N. (1959) Leaching and decomposition of btter I. Experiments on leaf btter of Fraxinus Excelsior. Oikos 10, 190-211. 

Fraxetin (7,8-Dihydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin) is obtained be heating fraxin with sulfuric acid. Fraxin occurs in the bark of the Com mon Ash tree (Fraxinus excelsior). 

Several archaeological excavations provided samples of waterlogged European oak (Quercus sp.), European ash Fraxinus excelsior L.), Dutch elm Ulmus campestris L.), white-poplar Populus alba L.), and European spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst). The timbers were 400-2000 years old and had been covered by marine sediments. Cross sections were cut from timbers 10-20 cm in diameter and samples were taken from macroscopically discernible zones of different states of degradation, as well as from the border between these zones (Figure 1). 

Hayes, 1.1853. Therapeutic use of the bark, leaves, seeds, and root of the common Ash (Fraxinus excelsior). Quarterly Summaries of the Improvements and Discoveries in the Medical Sciences. Am. J. Med. Sci. 25 492-494. 

Aesculus hippocastanum (bark) Fraxinus intermedia (bark) Fraxinus intermedia (bark) Fraxinus excelsior (bark) Heracleum lanaiium (roots) Fraxinus intermedia (bark)... 

Eddouks M, Maghrani M, Zeggwagh NA, Haloni M, Michel JB (2005) Fraxinus excelsior L. evokes a hypotensive action in normal and spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Ethnopharmacol 99 49-54... 

Eddouks M, Maghrani M (2004) Phlorizin-like effect of Fraxinus excelsior in normal and diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 94 149-154... 

Maghrani M, Zeggwagh NA, Lemhadri A, El Amraoui M, Michel JB, Eddouks M (2004) Study of the hypoglycaemic activity of Fraxinus excelsior and Silybum marianum in an animal model of type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Ethnopharmacol 91 309-316... 

Ibarra A, Bai N, He K, Bily A, Cases J, Roller M, Sang S (2011) Fraxinus excelsior seed extract FraxiPure limits weight gains and hyperglycemia in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Phytomedicine 18 479 85... 

Damtoft S et al (1992) Excelsioside, a secoiridoid glucoside from Fraxinus excelsior. Phytochemistry 31 4197-4201... 

Cortex Fraxini / Fraxinus excelsior Sample of commercial (... 

Constit. of bark of Fraxinus excelsior. Exhibits spasmolytic activity. Mp 171-172°. 

Rosendal Jensen S, Juhl Nielsen B 1976 A new coumarin, fraxidin 8-0-)ff-D-glucoside and 10-hy-droxy-ligstroside from bark of Fraxinus excelsior. Phytochemistry 15 221-223... 

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