Toxicology metals

Workers in the metals treatment industry are exposed to fumes, dusts, and mists containing metals and metal compounds, as well as to various chemicals from sources such as grinding wheels and lubricants. Exposure can be by inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Historically, metal toxicology was concerned with overt effects such as abdominal coHc from lead toxicity. Because of the occupational health and safety standards of the 1990s such effects are rare. Subtie, chronic, or long-term effects of metals treatment exposure are under study. An index to safety precautions for various metal treatment processes is available (6). As additional information is gained, standards are adjusted. 

Goyer R.A., Klaassen C.D., Waalkes M.P. Metal toxicology. San Diego, CA Academic Press, 1995. 

Park JD, Liu Y, Klaassen CF. Protective effects of metallothionein against the toxicity of cadmium and other metals. Toxicology 2001 163 93-100. 

The majority of this chapter focuses on the toxicology of nonessential metals. Cadmium, lead, and mercury are three nonessential metals that have been investigated in great detail over the years, and they will be highlighted below. Other nonessential metals such as aluminum, beryllium, and nickel have not received as much attention but can pose toxicity issues. Arsenic and selenium are technically not metals, but are often included in discussions of metal toxicology. These elements will not be discussed here. 

Goyer, R. A., ed. 1995. Metal toxicology. New York Academic Press. 

Diamond, G. L., and Zalups, R. K. 1998. Understanding renal toxicity of heavy metals. Toxicology and Pathology 26 92-103. 

Thomas, J.A. (1995). Gonadal-specific metal toxicology. In Metal Toxicology (R.A. Goyer, C.D. Klaassen, M.P. Waalkes, eds), pp. 413-36. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 

Metal Toxicology, ed. R. A. Goyer (San Diego Academic Press, 1995). 

Further Reading Goyer RA, Klaassen CD, and Waalkes MP (1995) Metal Toxicology. San Diego, CA Academic Press. http //risk.lsd.ornl.gov - Risk Assessment Information System. http //www.atsdr.cdc.gov - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Barium. 

Goyer RA, Klaassen GD, and Waalkes MP (1995) Metal Toxicology. San Diego, GA Academic Press. 

Rajanna B, Chetty CS, Rajanna S, et al. 1995. Modulation of protein kinase c by heavy metals. Toxicology Letters 81(2-3) 197-203. 

Lawrence DA McCabe MJ (1995) Immune modulation by toxic metals. In Goyer FtA, Klaassen CD, Waalkes MP eds. Metal toxicology. San Diego, California, Academic Press, pp 305-337. 

Bhattacharyya MH, Silbergeld EK, Jeffery E, et al. 1995. Metal-induced osteotoxicities. In GoyerRA, Klaassen CD, Waalkes MP, ed. Metal toxicology. New York, NY Academic Press, 465-510. 

B. Arvidson. A Review of Axonal Transport of Metals. Toxicology, 88 1-14, 1994. 

Beck BD, Rudel R, Hook GC and Bowes TS (1995) Risk Assessment. In Goyer RA, et al., eds. Metal toxicology. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 141-185. 

Gonadal-specific metal toxicology. Metal Toxicology 16 413-445. 

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