Antifungal compounds

This is a large subject that can only be dealt with in the barest outline in the present text. Many antibacterial and antifungal compounds have been discovered in microorganisms, and some of them have been successfully developed as antibiotics for use in human and veterinary medicine. They lie outside the scope of this book. A considerable number of other microbial compounds act as insecticides, acaricides, or herbicides, although few of them have been developed commercially (Copping and Menu 2000, Copping and Duke 2007). 

Solid disinfectants (disinfectant powders) usually consist of a disinfectant substance diluted by an inert powder. For example phenolic substances adsorbed onto kieselguhr form the basis of many disinfectant powders, while another widely used powder of respectable antiquity is hypochlorite powder. Disinfectant or antiseptic powders for use in medicine include substances such as acrifiavine, or antifungal compounds such as zinc undecenoate or salicylic acid mixed with talc. 

Bottiglieri M, C Keel (2006) Characterization of PhlG, a hydrolase that specifically degrades the antifungal compound diacetylphloroglucinol in the biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens CHAO. Appl Environ Microbiol 72 418-427. 

In the synthesis of 2,2,5-trisubstituted tetrahydrofurans, a novel class of orally active azole antifungal compounds, Saksena95 reported that the key step of Diels-Alder reaction in water led to the desired substrate virtually in quantitative yields (Eq. 12.34), while the same reaction in organic solvent resulted in a complicated mixture with only less than 10% of the desired product being isolated. This success made the target compounds readily accessible. 

Kuc J (1992), Antifungal compounds in plants , in Nigg H N and Seigler D, Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture, Plenum Press UK, 159-184. 

Kaars Sijpesteijn, A., Dekhuijzen, H.M., and Vonk, J.W. Biological conversion of fungicides in plants and microorganisms, in Antifungal Compounds (New York Marcel Dekker, 1977), pp. 91-147. 

Grayer RJ, Harbome JB (1994) A survey of antifungal compounds from higher plants, 1982-1993. Phytochemistry 37 19... 

Rojas R, Bustamante B, Ventosilla P, Femmidez I, Caviedes L, Gilman RM, Lock O, Hammond GB. (2006) Larvicidal and antimycobacterial and antifungal compounds from the bark of the Peruvian plant Swartzia polyphylla DC. Chem Pharm Bull 54 278-279. 

Lee J, Choi Y, Woo ER, Lee DG. (2009) Isocryptomerin, a novel membrane-active antifungal compound from Selaginella tamariscina. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 379 676-680. 

Bioassay-directed isolation of antifungal compounds from the bark of Macaranga monandrayie ( eA. two clerodane-type diterpenes, kolavenic acid and 2-oxo-kolavenic acid, with moderate activity against Phomopsis viticola... 

Meepagala KM, Sturtz G, Wedge DE, Schrader KK, Duke SO, Phytotoxic and antifungal compounds from two Apiaceae species, Lomatium californicum and Ligusticum hultenii, rich sources of Z-ligustilide and apiol, respectively, / Chem... 

In some species, however, e.g. ash, Fraxinus excelsior, cells of the traumatic axial parenchyma of the compartmentalization wall 4 may show no evidence of cell wall alterations, yet appear to act normally as a functional barrier to decay (Pearce, R.B., unpublished data). It is to be presumed that the spread of decay fungi is arrested either by chemical defences or by environmental constraints (cf. 26-28) in such species. Clearly, a contribution may be made by these defences in suberizing species also phytoalexin-like antifungal compounds have been detected in association with a suberized wall 4 barrier in Acer saccharinum (42). More work will be required to elucidate the long-term effectiveness of the various mechanisms maintaining the function of these barrier walls. 

Vilegas JHY, Hachich EM Garcia M, Brasileiro A, Carneiro MAG, Campos VLB. Antifungal Compounds from Apoc3maceae Species. Revista Latinoamericana de Qufmi-ca 1995 23(2) 73-75. 

Tolnaftate is a synthetic antifungal compound that is effective topically against dermatophyte infections caused by epidermophyton, microsporum, and trichophyton. It is also active against P orbiculare but not against Candida. 

B-77MI10711 J. Dekker Antifungal Compounds , ed. M. R. Siegel and H. D. Sisler Dekker,... 

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