LNG storage tanks

Staten Island, NY, USA, LNG Storage Tank, Explosion/Fire Tank was undergoing refurbishment for an internal tom lining 40 Fatalities, 14,000,000 loss... 

Figure 4-8 shows an LNG refueling facility designed for refueling LNG transit buses. This facility includes a dispenser, kiosk, canopy, methane detection system, fire suppression system, and trailer-mounted LNG storage tank. In this system, LNG is pumped from the storage tank to the dispenser and then on to the bus. A trailer-mounted tank was chosen for this application since a permanent tank was not desired. 

Pressure relief valves play an important role in LNG piping systems. Any section of LNG piping that can trap LNG must have a pressure relief valve to prevent failure of that section of pipe should all the LNG vaporize. These pressure relief valves are similar to those used on LNG storage tanks. Spring-loaded valves that reseat following a reduction in pressure are preferred to those that do not and vent all the LNG in that line. Pressure relief valves should be protected from water accumulation to prevent freezing in the open position since the LNG vapor that is released will likely be very cold. 

The total investment will include 3600 million Euro allocated for the field development. This includes the sub sea well-stream pipeline system and the onshore processing plant and storage tanks. An other 700 million Euro will be invested in a LNG tanker fleet comprising 4 ships in the 140-145 000 m3 class [17]. The storage capacity of the Snohvit processing plant comprises two 125 000 m3 LNG storage tanks, one 45 000 m3 LPG tank and one 75 000 m3 condensate tank. 

Figure 9 Kawagoe 3 4 Ultra Supercritical, Double Reheat Power Generation System fired with LNG from the Middle East and Indonesia. The largest gas power plant in the world with a rated power of 4.7 GW electric - having a LNG storage tank capacity of 120 000 m3 (Courtesy Kawagoe plant, Japan 2002)...

Typical of an installation for re-gasification of LNG is that it includes a vaporiser and one or more LNG storage tanks - either vertical or horizontal type. The vaporiser receives heat as required to evaporate the LNG either from the surrounding air or from hot water. In the latter case, hot water is usually supplied via a gas-fired burner that consumes about 2% of the corresponding LNG stream to be vaporised [12]. Hot-water-based evaporation is more expensive than the ambient-based evaporation, but is less dependent on the ambient conditions. The re-gasification installation will furthermore include gas controllers and an odoriser. Since natural gas does not smell odour should be injected to the gas flow for safety reasons. Except for the filling of the LNG tanks from time to time - and also the unloading LNG carriers - such facilities could be unmanned. 

Figure 18 The principle of stationary vacuum-insulated vertical LNG-storage tank...

Peak shaving units typically involve large atmospheric LNG storage tanks - equipped with high-pressure LNG pumps and LNG vaporization equipment as required before introducing the LNG in gas phase to a pipeline. 

New development in LNG technology may offer competitive solutions for decentralized LNG production. This, combined with atmospheric, insulated LNG storage tanks suggests a rational solution for a cheaper and... 

The safety of an installation handling LNG is paramount for obvious reasons. While it has become common practice since the mid-1960s to protect low-pressure LNG storage tanks with pilot-operated safety relief valves (POSRVs), many cryogenic installations under higher pressures are still relying... 

An argument for a safety distance reduction could be the deployment of an underground, non-pressurized LNG storage tank and ventilation system [34]. 

Fig. 55. Remains of spherical and cylindrical LNG storage tanks following the 1944 East Ohio Gas Company fire.

FRACTURE STRENGTH OF THICK 5083-0 ALUMINUM ALLOY FOR LNG STORAGE TANKS... 

Fracture Strength of Thick 5083-0 Aluminum Alloy for LNG Storage Tanks... 

Resistance to microfissuring is strongly affected by plate structure it is excellent in a plate with fine and fibrous structure, as shown in Fig. 1. Because of severe safety requirements for LNG storage tanks, the quality of the majority of welds is specified to be monitored by ultrasonic inspection. The accuracy of ultrasonic inspection of weld defects depends mainly on the ultrasonic characteristics of the base metal, in which noises and attenuations are important. Distance amplitude correction curves, obtained in accordance with Section VIII of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and NV Rules, are shown in Fig. 1. Since the evaluation level is 20% of the reference level (R.L.), it is difficult to detect defects unless the noise level is below 20% of R.L. at every node. Noises and attenuations of ultrasonic responses increase with coarsened plate structure, and in plates with very... 

Conventional sand-and-gravel concrete has been successfully used in liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage tanks since 1962. 

Cryostat Thermal preservation of special ultralow temperature refrigerators and refrigeration equipment. For example, it can be used as the insulation layers of the liquid natural gas (LNG) storage tanks (Figure 40.14). 

Fecht, B.A., Gates, T., Nelson, K., Marr, G., 1982. Comparative safety analysis of LNG storage tanks. Washington Richland. 

In spite of the outstanding safety record of the liquefied natural gas industry, two large-scale accidents have taken place. The Cleveland LNG plant accident of 1944 resulted in the loss of 128 lives. The cause of the accident was attributed to improper materials selection and basic design deficiencies of the storage tanks. In 1963, an LNG storage tank on Staten Island suffered an explosion that resulted in the loss of 40 lives. The tank had been warm, and under repair for more than a year, and should be considered as an industrial accident rather than directly associated with cryogenics. 

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