Peak-shaving

A, 5A, and 13X zeoHtes are the predorninant adsorbents for CO2 removal by temperature-swing processes. The air fed to an air separation plant must be H2O- and C02-ftee to prevent fouling of heat exchangers at cryogenic temperatures 13X is typically used here. Another appHcation for 4A-type zeoHte is for CO2 removal from baseload and peak-shaving natural gas Hquefaction faciHties. 

Liquefied natural gas TNG is stored at certain locations as a means of peak-shaving . Advantages are that the liquid gas occupies a volume equal to 600 volumes of gas under standard conditions. The main disadvantage is that it is necessary to lower the temperature to — 162°C to liquefy the gas. It is also necessary to maintain the gas at this low temperature, usually in insulated aluminum vessels. 

Morecambe Bay The Morecambe Bay field is a recently developed gas field in the Irish Sea connected to the NTS by means of a gas pipeline to Barrow terminal. While it is possible to operate this field throughout the year, it is currently being drawn on only in the winter months as a form of peak-shaving. 

Hytanol A peak shaving process for making fuel gas from methanol. Offered by Lurgi. 

Peak shaving - Power costs fluctuate hour by hour depending upon demand and generation, therefore customers would select to use distributed generation during relatively high-cost on-peak periods. 

Load levelling batteries 5-100 MWh Spinning reserve, peak shaving, load levelling... 

Frequently, hydrates become important in natural gas storage in salt caverns for peak shaving, or seasonal or diurnal volume averaging delivery of gases. The work by deRoo et al. (1983) discusses this process, regarding hydrate formation in high salt concentration, with their data provided in Chapter 6 on methane hydrate inhibited by sodium chloride. 

In peak shaving applications large LNG volumes are stored for winter operations. When the gas demand exceeds the normal gas volume in a localized area, LNG is pumped from the storage, vaporized and distributed... 

The latest global market is for transportation fuels. Liquefaction facilities for vehicle usage may essentially be the same as the peak shaving units although, LNG storage will be much smaller, and the LNG will be loaded to the vehicle tank in liquid phase rather than vaporized gas. 

Plant characteristics Peak shaving Vehicle fuel... 

In Figure 9 the principle for a peak shaving plant with combined delivery of gas to pipeline and truck or rail loading is shown. Different process cycles are developed for such applications. 

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