Liquorice

Using a standard vacuum distillation the solvent is distilled off. This shouldn t take too long. The first thing to come over after the solvent was the safrole, which with my vacuum (2mm) started at around 9CfC. The safrole will be a clear liquid, slightly viscous and will smell of liquorice. With the above measurements one can expect a yield of around 85g. No further cleaning up is necessary, and the safrole can be used as is for any further reactions. ... 

Parts Birch leaves 45 Parts Uva ursi 30 Parts Liquorice... 

Parts Birch leaves 20 Parts Couch-grass root 20 Parts Early golden-rod herb 20 Parts Restharrow root 20 Parts Liquorice... 

Parts Aniseed 10 Parts Liquorice 20 Parts Iceland moss 30 Parts Marshmallow root 30 Parts Coltsfoot... 

Parts Marshmallow root 10 Parts Fennel 10 Parts Iceland moss ] 5 Parts Plantain herb 10 Parts Liquorice 30 Parts Thyme... 

The single dose of a drug is mo.stly derived from experience it is only possible in a very few cases to calculate it from the activity of the constituents. However, as many herbal drugs arc only weakly active and contain non-toxic substances, i.e, the therapeutic index is large, exceeding the dose is usually only of minor significance nevertheless, the pharmacist must know what the exceptions are in this book, the sections on Side effects and Making the tea draw particular attention to such cases, c.g. arnica flowers, liquorice root, etc. 

Interaction with drug metabolism liquorices, which are the most commonly used herbs in TCM can increase metabolites (e.g., nortriptyline, desipramine, and norclomipramine) of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and may produce more side effects (such as dry mouth, constipation, palpitation, etc.) (Xu, 2004 Zhu Huang, 2004). 

The drug consists of dried short pieces of roots, which are brick red-colored, with a sweet taste resembling to liquorice. This herb is regarded as one of the five astral remedies by Chinese practitioners who recommend it for the cardiovascular system and blood-related ailments, such as hemorrhages and menstruation, and to promote healing of wounds. 

Licochalcone (50) is a natural product that is isolated from the roots of Chinese liquorice and is reported to have antileishmanial activity [49]. A series of chromene-substituted chalcones related to licochalcone have been reported to have antileishmanial activity [50]. Compound 51 was reported to have an IC50 of 1.2 pM against Leishmania major promastigotes versus meglumine antimoniate (IC50 =30 pM). Various compounds related to 51 have potent antileishmanial activity (IC50 < 3 pM) with potency similar to 51, but they did not show cytotoxicity. 

Carbon Black. This is carbonised vegetable matter, i.e. very finely divided charcoal. Inevitably it is the most light fast of all colours. Obviously, it is only available as a solid. A common use is in liquorice products. 

Extruders are normally classified by their method of construction, i.e. twin screw or single screw and the operating conditions, i.e. cold extrusion or extrusion cooking. Cold extrusion is used to make liquorice and pasta among other products and so is outside the scope of this work. Extrusion cooking, which is defined as heating the product above 100 °C, has many uses. 

Taste characteristics in general determine applicability of intense sweeteners. A time-intensity profile of sweetness perception similar to sucrose is desirable, and a delay in sweetness onset or a lingering sweetness are generally perceived as less pleasant. Side-tastes like bitter, liquorice or metallic taste are disadvantages which limit the applicability of some sweeteners. 

Fig. 8. Peptide backbone structure of the designed triple-stranded monomeric /1-sheet Betanova in band and liquorice model representation, coordinates taken from high-resolution NMR structure [9]...

H. W. Glycyrrhizin, an active component of liquorice roots, and replication of SARS-associated coronavirus. Lancet 2003, 361, 2045-2046. 

One of the simplest natural flavonoids is the flavanone liquiritigenin, a material that contributes to the bright yellow colour of liquorice root. Liquiritigenin may be synthesized readily, as shown, by a two-stage process starting from the phenolic ketone and aldehyde. 

Carbenoxolone is a derivative of glycyrrhizic acid and both carbenoxolone and liquorice have ulcer healing properties. However, carbenoxolone has considerable mineralocorticoid activity, frequently producing Na+ and fluid retention, hypertension and hypokalemia. It is therefore not generally recommended for routine use. 

Hatano, T. et al., Phenolic constituents of liquorice. VII. A new chalcone with a potent radical scavening activity and accompanying phenolics from liquorice, Chem. Pharm. Bull, 45,1485,1997. 

Certain lozenges, linctus and cough drops containing glycerine, liquorice and syrups. ... 

It is a steroid like triterpenoid synthetic derivative of glycyrrhizic acid (obtained from liquorice) and has been found to be effective in healing both gastric and duodenal ulcer without affecting volume or acidity of gastric juice. 

Tarragon oil (estragon oil) is produced by steam distillation of leaves, stems, and flowers of Artemisia dracunculus L. (Asteraceae). It is a pale yellow to amber liquid with a characteristic, spicy, delicate estragon odor reminiscent of liquorice and sweet basil. The following specifications refer to tarragon oil obtained from plants cultivated in southern France and in Piedmont (Italy). 

Liquorice Glycrrhiza glabra Glycyrrhizin Callus, suspension ND [64]... 

Liquorice root Glycyrrhiza Glycyrrhizinic acid In addition to expectorant... 

Takino, Y., M. Koshioka, M. Shlokawa, Y. Ishil, S. Maruyama, M. Higashino, and T. Hayashi. 1979. Quantitative determination of glycyrrhizic acid liquorice roots and extracts by TLC-densitometry. Hippokrates Verlag GmbH 36 74-78. 

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