Arnica flowers

The single dose of a drug is mo.stly derived from experience it is only possible in a very few cases to calculate it from the activity of the constituents. However, as many herbal drugs arc only weakly active and contain non-toxic substances, i.e, the therapeutic index is large, exceeding the dose is usually only of minor significance nevertheless, the pharmacist must know what the exceptions are in this book, the sections on Side effects and Making the tea draw particular attention to such cases, c.g. arnica flowers, liquorice root, etc. 

Amika-bltiten, /.pi. arnica flowers, (Pharm.) arnica, -wurzel, /. arnica rhizome, arnica root. 

Willuhn, G. 1998. Arnica flowers pharmacology, toxicology and anlysis of the sesuiterpene lactonesn, their main active substance. In Lawsib, L. D. and R. Bauer (eds.). Phytomedicines of Europe, Chemistry and Biological Activity. American Chemical Society. Washington, D.C. p. 118-132. 

Lin, L.Z. Flarnly, J.M. 2008. Identification of hydroxycinnamoylquinic acids of Arnica flowers and burdock roots using a standard LC-DAD-ESI/MS profiling method. J. Agric. Food Chem. 56 10105-10114. 

The Ligulate or Strap-shaped corolla is nearly confined to the family Compositas. It is usually tubular at the base, the remainder resembling a single petal. Examples Marigold, and Arnica Flowers. 

Arnica Flower heads Arnica monfana Europe and northern Asia... 

Alexandrian Senna Pods Aniseed Arnica Flower Bearberry Leaf Cape Aloes Can/i fructus Centaurii herba Crataegi folium cum flore Dandelion Root Echinaceae pallidae radix Eucalypti aetheroieum Fennel... 

ARNICA FLOWERS are the flower heads of Arnica montana L, family Asteraceae. The flowers contain sesquiterpenes such as helenalin and dihydrohelenalin which have antiinflammatory and analgesic effects which explain the popularity of Arnica as a remedy for bruises and aches and sprains. It must be stressed that Arnica should not be used internally because of cardiotoxicity. Equally important is the fact that the sesquiterpenes, like most if not all of those from the Asteraceae (e.g. in Chamomile and Yarrow), are highly allergenic and patients must be advised to discontinue use if a skin reaction develops and to avoid Arnica and Chamomile if they are known to have a sensitivity to other Asteraceae such as Asters, Daisies and Chrysanthemums. 

Tincture of Arnica, Take 6 troy ounces of arnica flowers mix li pinto alcohol and 4 pint water moisten tho arnica slightly with this mixture, and bruise it thoroughly iu a mortar. Then pack it firmly in a cjnindrical percolator, and pour upon it first the remainder cf the mixtura, and afterwards sufficient diluted alcohol to make the tincture measure 2 pints. (U. S. Ph.)... 

Tincture of Leopard s Bane (Arnica Flowers), Miicerato 2 ounces arnica flowers in 1 pint dilute alcohol or put tho amica-flowers in a percolator, and with dilated alcohol displace 1 pint. (Am. Dis.)... 

Procter s AlcohoHc Extract of Arnica. Take arnica flowers, 12 oances, troy alcohol, 3 pints water, 1 pint. Mix the alcohol and water, and pour 2 pints of tho mixture over the arnica, previously finely bruised. Allow it to stand for 48 hours, pack it firmly in a percolator, and pour on the remainder of the mixture until 3 pints are obtained. Evapo te this tincture in a water-bath (or still) till reduced to a soft resinous extract. 

Arnica Flowers, Liniment of.. 4864 Arnica Flowers, Lotion of.. ..4837 Amloa Flowers. Tincture of..4.509... 

Angelica root Arnica flower Aifise Asafoetida Celery Chamomile Fenugreek Horse chesffiut Licorice root Lovage root Parsley... 

Arnica Arnica flowers leopard s bane wolf s bane mountain tobacco. Dried flowerheads of Arnica mon-tana Composiiae. Habit Northern Europe. Constit,... 

A young man mistakenly consumed tea made from an unknown amount of arnica flower and leaf. Two hours later he experienced myalgia, headache, chills, and developed hyperthermia, tachycardia, hypotension, and elevated serum levels of creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase (Topliff and Grande 2000). Stomach cramping followed by death was reported in a man who had consumed 70 g of arnica tincture (Blaschek et al. 2002). Poisoning with arnica has been reported to cause death due to circulatory paralysis with secondary respiratory arrest (product and dose not specified) (Hansel et al. 1993). 

Miscarriages have been reported after overdoses of arnica infusion (made from 20 g arnica flower) or arnica flower tincture (44 ml) (Blaschek et al. 2002 Merdinger 1938). 

No change in uterine tone or contractility was observed in isolated pregnant rat uteruses treated with arnica tincture (Blaschek et al. 2002). Uterine stimulation was observed in rats intragastrically administered a hot aqueous extract of arnica flower (dose not specified) (Kreitmair 1936) and in guinea pigs administered arnica tincture (dose not specified) (Brunzell and Wester 1947). 

Synonyms Arnica flowers Arnica montana Leopard s bane Mountain tobacco Wolfs bane... 

Helenalin and a series of related compounds are responsible for the cardiotonic properties of Arnica flowers. This drug has long been known for its heart stimulant and analeptic qualities (Wagner, 1988). Helenalin (112), tenulin (111), and eupahyssopin had antiarthritic activity (50-70% inhibition of edema) at concentrations of 2.5 mg/kg (Wagner and Proksch, 1985). The crude drug Atractylodis rhizoma, from Atractylodis macrocephala (Asteraceae), and several other related medicinal plants is used clinically as a diuretic and for analgesic purposes. The plant also has anti-inflammatory properties. Active compounds include ( + )-eudesma-4( 14)-7(ll)-dien-8-one and atractylenolide I (Hikino, 1985). 

Klaas, C. A., Wagner, G., Laufer, S., Sosa, S., Della Loggia, R., Bomme, V., Pahl, H. L. and Merfort, I. 2001, Studies on the anti-inflammatory activity of phytopharmaceuticals prepared from Arnica flowers , Planta Medica 68 385-391. 

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