Liquorice root

The single dose of a drug is mo.stly derived from experience it is only possible in a very few cases to calculate it from the activity of the constituents. However, as many herbal drugs arc only weakly active and contain non-toxic substances, i.e, the therapeutic index is large, exceeding the dose is usually only of minor significance nevertheless, the pharmacist must know what the exceptions are in this book, the sections on Side effects and Making the tea draw particular attention to such cases, c.g. arnica flowers, liquorice root, etc. 

H. W. Glycyrrhizin, an active component of liquorice roots, and replication of SARS-associated coronavirus. Lancet 2003, 361, 2045-2046. 

One of the simplest natural flavonoids is the flavanone liquiritigenin, a material that contributes to the bright yellow colour of liquorice root. Liquiritigenin may be synthesized readily, as shown, by a two-stage process starting from the phenolic ketone and aldehyde. 

Liquorice root Glycyrrhiza Glycyrrhizinic acid In addition to expectorant... 

Takino, Y., M. Koshioka, M. Shlokawa, Y. Ishil, S. Maruyama, M. Higashino, and T. Hayashi. 1979. Quantitative determination of glycyrrhizic acid liquorice roots and extracts by TLC-densitometry. Hippokrates Verlag GmbH 36 74-78. 

Take of sarsaparilla-root and sassafras-chips, sliced, of each one ounce snake-root, bruised, liquorice-root, sliced, of each half-an-ounce macerate them in one quart of water for ten minutes, then take out the sarsaparilla and bruise it, return it to the liquor, and boil for ten minutes let it stand till cool, then strain. Dose, a wineglassful three or four times a day."... 

Glycycoumarin (prenylated coumarin) Glycyrrhiza uralensis (liquorice) [root, rhizome] (Fabaceae) cAMP PDE (7)... 

Liquiritigenin (= 7,4 -Dihydroxyflavone) (flavanone) Glycyrrhiza glabra, G. uralensis (liquorice) [root, rhizome], Cicer arietinum, Medicago sativa [phytoalexin], M. lupulina [phytoalexin] (Fabaceae) cAMP PDE (1080)... 

Where the prescription presents among its constituents one or more semi-solid extracts, it will frequently be found that these impart sufficient tenacity, and that by simply beating the ingredients together a suitable mass is obtained. But it sometimes happens, on the one hand, that the quantity of the soft extract is too small for the purpose, and then the addition of some such articles as those above enumerated becomes necessary and, on the other hand, the extract may be of such quality and consistence as to make the mass entirely too soft to be rolled into pills. In the latter case addition of some dry powder, which shall not interfere with the medicinal value of the prescription, becomes necessary. Powdered liquorice-root or wheat flour are well adapted for this purpose. 

Where the materials to be made into pills are wholly semi-solid or liquid, the addition of some dry powder becomes yet more necessary. Wheat flour is very generally available, and is on the whole preferable to the crumb of bread, which is recommended by many pharmaceutists. Powdered liquorice-root, arrow-root, starch, and gum Arabic are also used for the same purpose. 

The pills, having been completed either by hand or the machine, are, if very moist, to be spread out upon a sheet of paper with the edges turned up, or upon the bottom of a shallow box, to dry somewhat they are finally introduced into a pill-box, if for dispensing, or into a bottle if made to keep on hand. In either case, some dry powder, such as starch, liquorice-root, or pulverized sugar, should be introduced to keep them from sticking together. 

Liquorice root, in moderately coarse powder, each, two troyounces. Oil of sassafras. 

The saponin structure is either of the steroidal (commonly tetracyclic triterpenoids) or pentacyclic triterpenoid type. Triterpenoid saponins are found, for example in Quillaia bark and in liquorice root. Quillaia B.P. is defined as the dried inner part of the bark of Quillaja saponaria and other species of Quillaja and is used as an emulsifying agent. Liquorice, the root of which also contains tiiterpenoid saponins, has long been used in pharmacy as a flavoring agent, demulcent, and mild expectorant. 

GlYCYRRHIZjE radix. Liquorice root. Glycyrrhiza glabra. W. III. 1144. Radix. The root. 

Occurrence Bitter almonds Liquorice root Foxglove An-Senna leaf Buckwheat Uva ursi leaves Willow... 

Glycyrrhiza 0labra is cultivated in Spain, Italy, France, Germany and the United States. The Russian liquorice root is peeled, the Spanish unpeeled. The crnde drug from Russia and the Middle East comes from wildgrowing plants the roots and stolons are harvested from plants, generally >-A years old. 

The liquorice root contains furthermore the flavonoids hquiritoside and isoliquiritoside, the aglycones of which have a spasmolytic effect (about half as active as papaverine), which is used for treatment of ulcer. The preparations (see A02BX) containing deglycyrrhizinised liquorice have a reduced effect mineralocorti-coid. The exact mode of action is yet unknown, but increased production of mucin, increased production of cells in the gastric mucosa and a spasmolytic effect have been demonstrated. 

In the early stages of the development of TLC, especially when used with drugs and their preparations, solvent systems were often used that consisted of the upper or lower phase of a mixture of solvents. Some of these can still be found in current monographs of the DAB. As an example of the use of a solvent system with an addition of acid, we describe here the identity test for primula root. An alkaline solvent system is prescribed for the test for liquorice root and liquid extracts prepared from it. As these upper and lower phases are difficult to handle and their compositions are very temperature sensitive, reproducible hRf values in the TLC can only be achieved at a constant... 

CAMAG Apphkation A-18.2 Quantitative Bestimmung von Glycyrrhizinsaure in radix hquiritiae (Liquorice root), (7/87)... 

Figure 50. Identification of liquorice root dry extract (DE) using two TLC systems after deriv-atization with vanillin-snlfnric acid reagent...

Take of rhubarb, bruised, and liquorice root, bruised, of each 2 ounces aniseed, bruised, and sugar, of each 1 ounce diluted alcohol, 2 pints. Macerate for 14 days, express, and... 

Compound Tincture of Squills and Benzoin. This is also known as ft edeV t JSlixir. Take of squills, orris root, and elecampane, each 25 uracluns liquorice root, 2 drachms aniseed and myrrh, of each 4 scruples saffron, 18 grains dilute alcohol, 22 fluid ounces. Macerate for 15 days, express and filter. Dose, 40 to drops, in catarrh asthma, d c. 

Compoimd Syrun of Black Cokosh. Macerate 2 ounces olock cohosh (black snake-root), 1 ounce seneka root, 1 ounce liquorice root, and ounce ipecacuanha root in dilate alcohol for 24 hours then transfer to a percolator and run through two pints evaporate the excess of alcohol by a water-bath, and convert into a syrup with sufficient quantity of sugar lastly, treat 2 ounces wild cher bark with half a pint of cold water, which add to the syrup previously cooled. 

Osborne s Syrup, This is ono of the most valuable preparations that can be made for children. Simmer 11 drachms each, rhubarb root, anise seed, and liquorice root, in 45 ounces boiliu r water over a slow fire till reduced to two-thirds. Then make a syrup with 4f troy pounds white sugar, add 2 drachms each manna and compound tincture of opium (paregoric), and 225 grains salt of tartar. In warm weather, add a wineglass of French brandy. 

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