Glycyrrhizic acid

Glycyrrhizic acid and structurally related saponins possess a sweet taste and flavor-potentiating characteristics and have been employed 

About fifty other sapogenins have been isolated from Glycyrrhiza species. Their structures are shown in Figs. 2-6. 

The lactones 7, 8, 10 and 14 might be artifacts formed during the isolation procedures and the parent compounds of 10 and 14 have not yet been isolated. The parent compounds of 7 and 8 have been isolated as described in the following subsections. 

3[ )-hydroxy-11 3(18)-oleanadien 30-oic acid (12) (glypallidif oric acid) 

Several sapogenins (46-55) have been obtained as hydrolysis products of saponins from G. uralensis and G. yunnanensis. These are described in the next section. 

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Siissholz, n. licorice, -saft, m. extract of licorice. -zucker, m. glycyrrhizic acid. Siissigkeit, /. sweetness sweets suavity. 

Black licorice (glycyrrhizic acid) consumption ° Severe potassium (K < 2 mEq/L) and magnesium... 

Polyakov, N. E., T. V. Leshina et al. (2006a). Host-guest complexes of carotenoids with (3-glycyrrhizic acid. J. Phys. Chem. B 110 6991-6998. 

Forensic analysis of street drugs include that of cocaine together with excipients frequently encountered (579), amphetamines 080), and dyes found in heroin samples 081). An on-line photochemical derivitization of cannabinoids has been described 082). Other pharmaceutical agents studied in formation include nortriptyline in tablets. 083), glycyrrhizic acid from licorice extract 084, 585), pirimiphos methyl 086), digitalis glycosides 0S7), pilocarpine 088), and its antagonist atropine 009). 

Carbenoxolone is a derivative of glycyrrhizic acid and both carbenoxolone and liquorice have ulcer healing properties. However, carbenoxolone has considerable mineralocorticoid activity, frequently producing Na+ and fluid retention, hypertension and hypokalemia. It is therefore not generally recommended for routine use. 

It is a steroid like triterpenoid synthetic derivative of glycyrrhizic acid (obtained from liquorice) and has been found to be effective in healing both gastric and duodenal ulcer without affecting volume or acidity of gastric juice. 

Takino, Y., M. Koshioka, M. Shlokawa, Y. Ishil, S. Maruyama, M. Higashino, and T. Hayashi. 1979. Quantitative determination of glycyrrhizic acid liquorice roots and extracts by TLC-densitometry. Hippokrates Verlag GmbH 36 74-78. 

Glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt(3H2O) [53956-04-0] M 823.0, m 210 (dec). Crystd from glacial acetic acid, then dissolved in ethanolic ammonia and evaporated. 

It contains glycyrrhizic acid, is 50 times sweeter than sugar, and can accelerate the healing of gastric ulcers. Licorice treats such respiratory ailments as bronchitis and asthma and is an ingredient in herbal cough medicines. Glabridin inhibits inflammation of skin. 

Plant materials often contain triterpenoid saponin in considerable amounts. With regard to plants with antiulcer activity, licorice root contains about 2 to 12% of glycyrrhizic acid and the seeds of the horse chestnut up to 13% of aescin. Several plants containing high amounts have been shown to possess antiulcer activity in several experimental ulcer models (Table 64.2). 

ED was also suggested to deacidify liquorice extracts, containing 4 20% glycyrrhizic acid and 1(M10% dry matter, or to desalt the glycyrrhizin-free juice recovered after acidification (Bozzi et al., 1997). 

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