Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy

Agrawal, S., Winnik, B., Buckley, B., Mi, L., Chung, F.-L., and Cook, T. J. (2006). Simultaneous determination of sulforaphane and its major metabolites from biological matrices with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 840 99-107. 

Ayrton, J., Dear, G. J., Leavens, W. J., Mallett, D. N., and Plumb, R. S. (1998b). Use of generic fast gradient liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy in quantitative bioanalysis. J. Chromatogr. B Biomed. Sci. Appl. 709 243-254. 

The enantiospecific determination of nimodipine in human plasma could be established by liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectroscopy [27]. The separation was effected using a 8 pm Chiral OJ MOD column (25 cm x 2 mm i.d.), operated at 35°C with ethanol-n-heptane (1 4) containing 2 mM ammonium acetate as the mobile phase (flow rate of 300 pL/min) and MS detection. Calibration graphs were linear over the range of 0.5-75 ng/mL, with a detection limit of 0.25 ng/mL for each enantiomer. 

Ayrton, J. Dear, G.J. Leavens, W.J. Mallet, D.N. Plumb, R.S. Use of Generic Fast Gradient Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectroscopy in Quantitative Bioanalysis, J. Chromatogr. B 709,243-254 (1998). 

With large proteins, the determination of the primary sequence and post-translational modifications is most efficiently done after digestion with tiypsin or another protease to generate smaller peptides. In this case, the peptides are first separated by HPLC, most commonly RP-HPLC, and the column eluant is directed into the MS. In this hyphenated method, known as LC-MS or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS), the individual peptides are analyzed, allowing the identification of post-translational modification sites. In some cases, there are potentially multiple sites in a single peptide that may be modified. 

Gutteck-Amsler, U. and Rentsch, K. M. Quantification of the aminosteroidal non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents rocuronium and vecuronium in plasma with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. Clin. Chem., 46, 1413-1414 (2000). 

Wang L, Morris ME (2005) Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy assay for quercetin and conjugated quercetin metabolites in human plasma and urine. J Chromatogr B 821 194-201... 

In such cases, the use of liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) is beneficial, since LC-MS/MS provides a sensitive and reproducible measurement compared with conventional methods such as LC—ultraviolet detection or LC—fluorescence detection (Hermo et al., 2008). Furthermore, particularly in the early stages of drug development, is frequently determined by measuring the reduction in the amount of substrate, not the formation of metabolites, because of the difficulty in synthesizing enough amounts of many kinds of metabolites. In such cases, it is necessary to carry out the in vitro reaction so that substrate reduction can be accurately determined. 

Winnik WM, Kitchin KT. Measurement of oxidative stress parameters using liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008 233 100-106. 

Cho HE, Ahn SY, Son LS, In S, Hong RS, Kim DW, et al. Determination and validation of tetrodotoxin in human whole blood using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy and its application. Foren Sci Int 2011. 

King, T., Bushman, L., Anderson, P.L., Delahunty, T., Ray, M. and Fletcher, C.V., Quantitation of zidovudine triphosphate concentrations from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by anion exchange sohd phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy an indirect quantitation methodology. J. Chromatogr. B, 831(1-2), 248-257 (2006). 

Bryant and Semiyen [18] analysed cyclic oligomers from polybutylene-terephthalate (PBT) using column chromatography, fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. 

The main spectrometric identification techniques employed are gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) (13), liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS(/MS)) (14), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (11), and/or gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (GC/FL1R) (15). Each of these spectrometric techniques provides a spectrum that is characteristic of a chemical. MS and NMR spectra provide (detailed) structural information (like a fingerprint ), whereas an FUR spectrum provides information on functional groups. 

D.B. Cooper, R.W. Read, C.M. Timperley, N.H. Williams and R.M. Black, Identification of iso- and n -propylphosphonates using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, J. Chromatogr. A, 1040, 83-95 (2004). 

Abbreviations. 1C, ion chromatography LC, liquid chromatography MS, mass spectroscopy MS/MS, tandem spectrometer. 

Colizza, K, Awad M, Kamel A. Metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and excretion of the substance preceptor antagonist CP-122,721 in humans Structural characterization of the novel major circulating metabolite 5-trifluoromethoxy salicylic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Drug Metab Dispos 2007 35(6) 884—897. 

S. Suwanrumpha, R. B. Freas, Identification of Metabolites of Ampicillin Using Liquid Chromatography/Thermospray Mass Spectrometry and Fast Atom Bombardment Tandem Mass Spectroscopy , Biomed. Environ. Mass Spectrom. 1989, 18, 983-994. 

RS Plumb, J Ayrton, GJ Dear, BC Sweatman, IM Ismail. The use of preparative high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric directed fraction collection for the isolation and characterisation of drug metabolites in urine by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography/sequential mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 13 (10) 845-854,1999. 

Plumb, R.S. Ayrton, J. Dear, G.J. Sweatman, B.C. Ismail, I.M. The Use of Preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometric Directed Fraction Collection for the Isolation and Characterisation of Drug Metabolites in Urine by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Liquid Chromatography/Sequential Mass Spectrometry, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 13, 845-854 (1999). 

BBB-permeability-liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy- (LC/MS) Rapid, generic gradient liquid chromatography/ Chu et al. (2002) tandem mass spectroscopy (LC/MS/MS) assays, designed to accelerate sample analyses, have been developed to keep pace with the productivity of advanced synthetic procedures. In this study, LC/MS/MS was combined with an in vitro, cell-based, BBB model to evaluate the potential of new chemical entities (NCEs) to cross the BBB. This in vitro assay provides the permeability of discovery compounds across a monolayer of a primary culture of BBMEC in a fraction of the time that is required for in vivo studies (brain/plasma concentrations), using only 2 mg of the compound. The results are consistent with in vivo brain/plasma concentration ratio data. 

Charrouf, Z. et al.. Separation and characterization of phenolic compounds in argan fruit pulp using liquid chromatography-negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectroscopy. Food Chem., 100, 1398, 2007. 

C. Hao, F. Fissemore, B. Nguyen, S. Kleywegt, P. Yang and K. Solomon, Determination of pharmaceuticals in environmental waters by liquid chromatography/electron spray ionization/tandem mass spectroscopy. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2006, 384, 505-513. 

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