Liquid chromatography spectroscopy

Worldwide, some 500 LC-FTIR users are registered. A review on the determination of rubber and plastic chemicals by liquid chromatography-spectroscopy has appeared [494]. 

R 663 D. Si and D. Zhong, Application of Liquid Chromatography-Spectroscopy Coupled Techniques to the Chemical Screening of Natural Products , Yaoxue Xuebao, 2002,37, 485... 

INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY - INFRARED TECHNOLOGY] (Vol 14) Hplc. See ITigh performance liquid chromatography. 

Solution Polymers. Acryflc solution polymers are usually characterized by their composition, solids content, viscosity, molecular weight, glass-transition temperature, and solvent. The compositions of acryflc polymers are most readily determined by physicochemical methods such as spectroscopy, pyrolytic gas—liquid chromatography, and refractive index measurements (97,158). The solids content of acryflc polymers is determined by dilution followed by solvent evaporation to constant weight. Viscosities are most conveniently determined with a Brookfield viscometer, molecular weight by intrinsic viscosity (158), and glass-transition temperature by calorimetry. 

The modern electronic industry has played a very important role in the development of instrumentation based on physical-analytical methods As a result, a rapid boom in the fields of infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Raman, and mass spectroscopy and vapor-phase (or gas-liquid) chromatography has been observed. Instruments for these methods have become indispensable tools in the analytical treatment of fluonnated mixtures, complexes, and compounds The detailed applications of the instrumentation are covered later in this chapter. 

Very little in the way of advances has occurred since 1971 in the applications of ultraviolet or infrared spectroscopy to the analysis of fluonnated organic compounds Therefore, only gas-liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and electron scattering for chemical analysis (ESCA) are discussed The application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to the analysis of fluonnated organic compounds is the subject of another section of this chapter... 

To measure gas and water vapor permeability, a film sample is mounted between two chambers of a permeability cell. One chamber holds the gas or vapor to be used as the permeant. The permeant then diffuses through the film into a second chamber, where a detection method such as infrared spectroscopy, a manometric, gravimetric, or coulometric method isotopic counting or gas-liquid chromatography provides a quantitative measurement (2). Die measurement depends on the specific permeant and the sensitivity required. 

Using IR spectroscopy and NMR, one can analyze the chemical structure of PA. The molecular weight and molecular weight distribution can be analyzed by endgroup analysis, viscometry, and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The crystalline order can be analyzed by WAXS, small-angle X-ray spectroscopy... 

EC = electrical conductivity detector ECD = electron capture detector FPD = flame photometric detector GC = gas chromatography HPLC = high performance liquid chromatography NPD = nitrogen phosphorus detector TID = thermionic detector UV = ultraviolet spectroscopy... 

Although saponification was found to be unnecessary for the separation and quantification of carotenoids from leafy vegetables by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or open column chromatography (OCC), saponification is usually employed to clean the extract when subsequent purification steps are required such as for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and production of standards from natural sources. 

Strohschein, S., Pursch, M., and Albert, K., Hyphenation of high performance liquid chromatography with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the characterization of (3-carotene isomers employing a Cjq stationary phase, J. Pharm. Biom. Anal., 21, 669, 1999. 

Hentschel, P. et ah. Structure elucidation of deoxylutein 11 isomers by on-line capillary high performance liquid chromatography- H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, J. Chromatogr. A, 1112, 285, 2006. 

F. C. Sanchez, T. Hancewicz, B.G.M. Vandeginste and D.L. Massart, Resolution of complex liquid chromatography Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data. Anal. Chem., 69 (1997) 1477-1484. 

Detection in SFC can be achieved in the condensed phase using optical detectors similar to those used in liquid chromatography or in the gas phase using detectors similar to those used in gas chromatography. Spectroscopic detectors, such as mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, are relatively easily interfaced to SFC compared to the problems observed with liquid mobile phases (see Chapter 9). The range of available detectors for SFC is considered one of its strengths. 

M.E. Lacey, Z. J. Tan, A. G. Webb, J. V. Sweedler 2001, (Union of capillary high-performance liquid chromatography and microcoil nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy applied to the separation and identification of terpenoids), J. Chromatogr. A 922(1-2), 139. 

Abel, C.B.L., Lindon, J.C., Noble, D., Rudd, B.A.M., Sidebottom, P.J., and Nicholson, J.K, Characterization of metabolites in intact Streptomyces citricolor culture supernatants using high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance and directly coupled high-pressure liquid chromatography-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Anal. Biochem., 270, 220, 1999. 

Zhao, Q., Sannier, F., Garreau, I., Lecoeur, C., and Piot, J. M., Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with second-order derivative spectroscopy for the quantitation of aromatic amino acids in peptides application to hemorphins, /. Chromatogr. A, 723, 35, 1996. 

Vol. 66 Solid Phase Biochemistry Analytical and Synthetic Aspects. Edited by William H. Scouten Vol. 67 An Introduction to Photoelectron Spectroscopy. By Pradip K. Ghosh Vol. 68 Room Temperature Phosphorimetry for Chemical Analysis. By Tuan Vo-Dinh Vol. 69 Potentiometry and Potentiometric Titrations. By E. P. Serjeant Vol. 70 Design and Application of Process Analyzer Systems. By Paul E. Mix Vol. 71 Analysis of Organic and Biological Surfaces. Edited by Patrick Echlin Vol. 72 Small Bore Liquid Chromatography Columns Their Properties and Uses. Edited by Raymond P.W. Scott... 

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Basic Concepts, Instrumental Aspects, Applications and Trends. By A. Benninghoven, F. G. Ruenauer, and H.W.Werner Analytical Applications of Lasers. Edited by Edward H. Piepmeier Applied Geochemical Analysis. By C. O. Ingamells and F. F. Pitard Detectors for Liquid Chromatography. Edited by Edward S.Yeung Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy Part 1 Methodology, Instrumentation, and Performance Part II Applications and Fundamentals. Edited by J. M. Boumans... 

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