Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry procedure

Stubbings G, Bigwood T. The development and validation of a multiclass liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry procedure for the determination of veterinary drug residues in animal tissue using a QuEChERS (QUick, Easy, CHeap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) approach. Anal Chim Acta 2009 637 68-78. 

Chen, X., Liu, D., Zhu, L. and Zhong, D., Development and vahdation of a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry procedure for the quantification of adefovir in human plasma. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 19(13), 1893-1898 (2005). 

Crop material is homogenized with acetonitrile-water (9 1, v/v). The crop extract is centrifuged and an aliquot is rotary evaporated to a small volume. The sample is subjected to a Cig solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup procedure. The concentrated eluate is subjected to liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis. 

Xu, X. Zhou, Q. Korfmacher, W. A. Development of a low volume plasma sample precipitation procedure for liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assays used for drug discovery applications. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2005, 19, 2131-2136. 

C. Sottani, R. Turci, L. Peibellini and C. Minoia, Liquid-liquid extraction procedure for trace determination of cyclophosphamide in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry RCM 12(16), 1063-1068. 1998. 

Tai SS-C, Xu B, Welch MJ, Phinney KW (2007) Development and evaluation of a candidate reference measurement procedure for the determination of testosterone in human serum using isotope dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 388 1087-1094... 

Bakhtiar R, Khemani L, Hayes M et al. (2002) Quantification of the anti-leukemia drug ST1571 (Gleevec) and ist metabolite (CGP 74588) in monkey plasma using a semi-automated solid phase extraction procedure and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 28(6) 1183-1194... 

Bakhtiar, R. Khemani, L. Hayes, M. Bedman, T Tse, F. "Quantification of the Anti-Leukemia Drug ST1571 (Gleevec) and its Metabolite (CGP 74588) in Monkey Plasma Using a Semi-Automated Solid Phase Extraction Procedure and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 28, 1183-1194 (2002). 

Politi L, Morini L, Polettini A. A direct screening procedure for diuretics in human urine by liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry with information dependent acquisition. Clin Chim Acta 2007 386 46-52. 

Sample Preparation Normally, biological samples are not directly compatible with LC-MS/MS analysis, and they need to be processed before delivery to the LC-MS system. Effective sample preparation procedures can clean up the sample and concentrate the analytes of interest. Conventional sample preparation is often the most labor-intensive and time-consuming step in a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analytical method. Introduction of automated 96-well extraction techniques, and advances in sample preparation techniques, have greatly improved the efficiency of sample preparation. 

Specifically for triazines in water, multi-residue methods incorporating SPE and LC/MS/MS will soon be available that are capable of measuring numerous parent compounds and all their relevant degradates (including the hydroxytriazines) in one analysis. Continued increases in liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/API-MS/MS) sensitivity will lead to methods requiring no aqueous sample preparation at all, and portions of water samples will be injected directly into the LC column. The use of SPE and GC or LC coupled with MS and MS/MS systems will also be applied routinely to the analysis of more complex sample matrices such as soil and crop and animal tissues. However, the analyte(s) must first be removed from the sample matrix, and additional research is needed to develop more efficient extraction procedures. Increased selectivity during extraction also simplifies the sample purification requirements prior to injection. Certainly, miniaturization of all aspects of the analysis (sample extraction, purification, and instrumentation) will continue, and some of this may involve SEE, subcritical and microwave extraction, sonication, others or even combinations of these techniques for the initial isolation of the analyte(s) from the bulk of the sample matrix. 

Dai S. et al., 2005. Quantitation of sifuvirtide in monkey plasma by an online solid-phase extraction procedure combined with liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 19 1273. 

Today s personalized medicine requires analysis of a large number of biological samples in a short period on the day they are collected from patients so that a proper informed dose adjustment can be made before subsequent dosing. The high-throughput analytical procedures developed to meet this demand are reviewed in subsequent sections covering immunoassays, HPLC alone and combined with tandem mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-MS/MS), and ultra-performance liquid chromatography with MS/MS detection (UPLC-MS/MS). 

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