Medicine personalized

For some, while this has been touted as the way of the future, there is little doubt that, where effective, it reduces the chance of adverse effects and maximizes the possibility of a positive outcome. For example, the breast cancer drug tamoxifen, 24.4, is useful only for the treatment of estrogen-sensitive breast tumors, while the monoclonal antibody Herceptin is used on patients with tumors that overexpress the HER2 protein. 

Patients deficient in activity of the enzyme CYP2C require lower doses of warfarin and more frequent monitoring than patients without the enzyme deficiency. Since 2007, the FDA has recommended genotyping for all patients prescribed with warfarin, but in April 2009, Medicare and Medicaid refused to pay for this the test is not expensive but the affected population is huge. 

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Dantzer, R. (2006). Cytokine, sickness behavior, and depression. Neurol. Clin., 24(3), 441-60. Dawes, M., Davies, P., Gray, A. et al. (2005). Evidence-Based Practice A Primer for Health Care Professionals. Edinburgh Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, de Leon, J. (2006). AmpliChip CYP450 test personalized medicine has arrived in psychiatry. Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn., 6, 277-86. 

Silber BM. Pharmacogenomics, biomarkers, and the promise of personalized medicine. In Pharmacogenomics (Ka-low W, Meyer UA, Tyndale RF, Eds.). New York, Basel Marcel Dekker 2001 11-31. 

Today s personalized medicine requires analysis of a large number of biological samples in a short period on the day they are collected from patients so that a proper informed dose adjustment can be made before subsequent dosing. The high-throughput analytical procedures developed to meet this demand are reviewed in subsequent sections covering immunoassays, HPLC alone and combined with tandem mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-MS/MS), and ultra-performance liquid chromatography with MS/MS detection (UPLC-MS/MS). 

Food and Drug Administration. FDA clears genetic test that advances personalized medicine. Test helps determine safety of drug therapy. Available at http //www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ NEWS/2005/NEW01220.html. Accessed July 27, 2006. 

Ginsburg, G.S. and McCarthy, J.J., Personalized medicine revolutionizing drug discovery and patient care. Trends Biotechnol., 19, 491 96, 2001. 

Jain, K.K., Role of pharmacogenomics in the development of personalized medicine, Pharmacogenomics 5, 331-336, 2004. 

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