Liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure ionization

Specifically for triazines in water, multi-residue methods incorporating SPE and LC/MS/MS will soon be available that are capable of measuring numerous parent compounds and all their relevant degradates (including the hydroxytriazines) in one analysis. Continued increases in liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/API-MS/MS) sensitivity will lead to methods requiring no aqueous sample preparation at all, and portions of water samples will be injected directly into the LC column. The use of SPE and GC or LC coupled with MS and MS/MS systems will also be applied routinely to the analysis of more complex sample matrices such as soil and crop and animal tissues. However, the analyte(s) must first be removed from the sample matrix, and additional research is needed to develop more efficient extraction procedures. Increased selectivity during extraction also simplifies the sample purification requirements prior to injection. Certainly, miniaturization of all aspects of the analysis (sample extraction, purification, and instrumentation) will continue, and some of this may involve SEE, subcritical and microwave extraction, sonication, others or even combinations of these techniques for the initial isolation of the analyte(s) from the bulk of the sample matrix. 

Anacardio, R., Cantalini, M.G., De Angelis, F., and Gentile, M., Quantification of S-carboxymethyl-(R)-cysteine in human plasma by high-performance ion-exchange liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry, /. Mass Spectrom., 32, 388, 1997. 

Kostiainen, R., Kotiano, T., Kuuranne, T. and Auriola, S. (2003) Liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure ionization/mass spectrometry (LC-API/ MS) in drug metabolism studies. Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 38, 357-372. 

The application of liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure ionization-mass spectrometry in water analysis has been previously reviewed. The application of this technique for the analysis of synthetic dyes was also discussed [118]. 

Desai, M.J. and Armstrong, D.W., Analysis of derivatized and underivatized thean-ine enantiomers by high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization-mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 18, 251,2004. 

Prokai L, Zharikova AD, Janaky T, Prokai-Tatrai K. 2000. Exploratory pharmacokinetics and brain distribution study of a neuropeptide FF antagonist by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 14 2412. 

X. Xu, A.M. van der Craats and P.C.A.M. de Bmyn, Highly sensitive screening method for nitroaromatic, nitramines and nitrate ester explosives by high performance liquid chromatography — atmospheric pressure ionization — mass spectrometry (HPLC-APl-MS) in forensic applications , J. Forensic Sci., 49 No. 6 (2004) 1171-1180. 

J. D. Ion spray interface for combined liquid chromatography/ atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 2642-2646. 

K. J. Veals, J. Hsieh, Y. etal. Cassette-accelerated rapid rat screen a systematic procedure for the dosing and liquid chromatography/ atmospheric pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometric analysis of new chemical entities as part of new drug discovery. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2001, 15, 335-340. 

Kamel, A., and Prakash, C. (2006). High performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/API/MS/MS) in drug metabolism and toxicology. Curr. Drug. Metab. 7 837-852. 

C. C. 1997. Pharmacokinetic screening for the selection of new drug discovery candidates is greatly enhanced through the use of liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A, 777,61-66. 

S. Zhou and M. Hamburger, Application of liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry in natural product analysis. Evaluation and optimization of electrospray and heated nebulizer interfaces, J. Chromatogr., A, 755, 189-204 (1996). 

Castro, R., Moyano, E., and Galceran, M.T. Ion-pair liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry for the determination of quaternary ammonium herbicides./. Chmmatogr. A. 1999, 830, 145-154. 

Hopmans E. C., Schouten S., Pancost R. D., van derMeerM. J. T., and Sinninghe Damste J. S. (2000) Analysis of intact tetraether lipids in archaeal cell material and sediments using high performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Common. Mass. Spectrom. 14, 585-589. 

Korfmacher, W.A. Cox, K.A. Ng, K.J. Veals, J. Hsieh, Y. Wainhaus, S. Broske, L. Prelusky, D. Nomeir, A. White, R.E. Cassette-Accelerated Rapid Rat Screen A Systematic Procedure for the Dosing and Liquid Chromatography/Atmospheric Pressure Ionization TandemMass Spectrometric Analysis of New Chemical Entities as Part of New Drug Discovery, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 15, 335-340 (2001). 

Avery, M.J. Quantitative Characterization of Differential Ion Suppression on Liquid Chromatography/Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometric Bioanalytical Methods, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 17, 197-201 (2003). 

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