Liquid-based

Physical mechanism of two-side filling of dead-end capillaries with liquids, based on liquid film flow along the wall, is proposed for the first time. Theoretical model correlates with experimental data. 

Schematic diagram of a Ca + liquid-based ion-selective electrode.

One example of a liquid-based ion-selective electrode is that for Ca +, which uses a porous plastic membrane saturated with di-(n-decyl) phosphate (Figure 11.13). As shown in Figure 11.14, the membrane is placed at the end of a nonconducting cylindrical tube and is in contact with two reservoirs. The outer reservoir contains di-(n-decyl) phosphate in di- -octylphenylphosphonate, which soaks into the porous membrane. The inner reservoir contains a standard aqueous solution of Ca + and a Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Calcium ion-selective electrodes are also available in which the di-(n-decyl) phosphate is immobilized in a polyvinyl chloride... 

Representative Examples of Liquid-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes... 

The properties of several representative liquid-based ion-selective electrodes are presented in Table 11.3. An electrode using a liquid reservoir can be stored in a dilute solution of analyte and needs no additional conditioning before use. The lifetime of an electrode with a PVC membrane, however, is proportional to its exposure to aqueous solutions. For this reason these electrodes are best stored by covering the membrane with a cap containing a small amount of wetted gauze to... 

Faraday s law (p. 496) galvanostat (p. 464) glass electrode (p. 477) hanging mercury drop electrode (p. 509) hydrodynamic voltammetry (p. 513) indicator electrode (p. 462) ionophore (p. 482) ion-selective electrode (p. 475) liquid-based ion-selective electrode (p. 482) liquid junction potential (p. 470) mass transport (p. 511) mediator (p. 500) membrane potential (p. 475) migration (p. 512) nonfaradaic current (p. 512)... 

Liquid argon Liquid asphalt Liquid atomizers Liquid-based foam Liquid butyl rubber Liquid carbon dioxide... 

Calculation of Liquid-to-Gas Ratio The minimum possible liquid rate is readily calculated from the composition of the entering gas and the solubility of the solute in the exit liquor, saturation being assumed. It may be necessaiy to estimate the temperature of the exit liquid based on the heat of solution of the solute gas. Values of latent and specific heats and values of heats of solution (at infinite dilution) are given in Sec. 2. 

This chapter will concentrate on the preparation of ionic liquids based on 1,3-dialkylimidazolium cations, as these have dominated the area over the last twenty... 

Beckmann rearrangements of several ketoximes were performed in room-temperature ionic liquids based on l,3-dialkylimida2olium or alkylpyridinium salts containing phosphorus compounds (such as PCI5) by Deng and Peng [59] (Scheme 5.1-31, BP = 1-butylpyridinium). Turnover numbers of up to 6.6 were observed, but the authors did not mention whether the ionic liquid could be reused. 

Drilling muds are a special class of drilling fluid used to drill most deep wells. The term mud refers to the thick consistency of the fluid after the appropriate materials have been added to the water-liquid or oil-liquid base. 

Glycidyl methacrylate (purity 98 %) was purchased fiom Aldrich. Ionic liquids based on 1-n-ethyl-3-methyliinidazolium (EMIm), l-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (BMhn), 1-n-hexyl-3-methylimidaJ5Dlium (HMhn) with dififeent anions such as CT, BF4", PFg wo e prepared according to the procedures reported previously. Copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and CO2 were carried out in a 50 mL stainless steel autoclave equipped with a... 

The base was added to 60 1 of acid to convert it to the salt, but malfunction of the swivelling blade glass stirrer caused no agitation and the liquid base remained layered above the cone. acid. Switching off the stirrer caused it to become effective and the whole of the contents erupted from the 100 1 flask as an acid mist. 

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