High-performance liquid affinity-based

A third area of development in carbohydrate l.c. analyses is in the combined techniques (see Section IV,3) and other methods that provide qualitative, as well as quantitative, information about sample constituents, such as high-performance liquid affinity chromatography. The use of specific lectin- and monoclonal antibody-based, stationary phases for analytical and preparative applications is now being considered. The basic concepts of these techniques have been reviewed - and their applications to carbohydrates have been discussed. 

T. A. G, Noctor, D. S. Hage, and I. W. Wainer, Allosteric and competitive displacement of drugs from human serum albumin, as revealed by high-performance liquid affinity chromatography, on a human serum albumin-based stationary phase, J. Chromatogr. 

Schonmann and Kern [33] have used on-line enrichment for microgram per litre analysis of PAHs in water by high performance liquid chromatography. The trace enrichment method is based on the affinity of non polar pollutants for reversed phase chromatography supports. 

In modern high-performance liquid chromatography the separation of the analytes is still based on the differences in the analyte affinity for the... 

It is also possible to determine the level of metabolites in urine. Urinary 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid is the best available indicator to assess the degree of occupational exposure to carbon disulfide (ACGIH 1994 Theinpont et al. 1990). Theinpont et al. (1990) described the isolation of this compound from urine prior to reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography. It is based on liquid-liquid extraction with methyl tertbutyl ether, followed by affinity chromatography on organomercurial agarose gel. The detection limit of the procedure was 50 g of carbon disulfide/L of urine (Theinpont et al. 1990). 

Sebille et al obtained a high performance liquid chromatographic support based on silica beads coated with a j -cyclodextrin-containing polymer, which allows the elution of solutes in order of their affinity for j -cyclodextrin. Binding constants were determined from the retention data for drugs. 

We have discussed the self-assembly of nonionic surfactants that occurs in RTILs. Overall, the self-assembly properties in RTILs are largely similar to the aqueous medium. Notable differences between the aqueous and nonaqueous systems are sometimes seen when nonionic surfactants form micelles or lyotropic liquid crystals at certain compositions and temperatures, and this mainly results from the different affinity of the nonionic surfactants with the liquids. In other words, it may be possible to expect the formation of micelles or lyotropic liquid crystals to a certain degree by considering the solvophobic or solvophilic nature of the nonionic surfactants in the RTILs. An interesting feature of RTILs is their self-assembly in bulk liquids and at interfaces. This feature also makes a significant impact on the self-assembly of nonionic surfactants in RTILs. Particularly, we have demonstrated the importance of this feature when nonionic surfactants adsorb at solid/RTIL interfaces. We believe that the self-assembled structures of amphiphilic molecules with RTILs are of great interest not only from academic but also from industrial standpoints. One of the potential applications based on such self-assembled structures should be high-performance ion-conductive electrolytes as a new device system with nanolevel order [50]. 

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