Liquid carbon

S. Chang, V. Reppucci, N.J. Zimmerman, M.H. Heinemann, D.J. Coleman, Perfluoro-carbon liquids in the management on traumatic retinal detachnments, Ophthalmology 96 (1989) 785-792. 

LEXP Linseed oU Lithium carbonate Liquid explosive... 

The corrosion resistance of SAN is similar to that of PS, but the cyano pendant groups can be hydrolyzed by hot adds or alkalis. SAN has a solubility parameter of about 10 H and is more resistant than PS to aliphatic hydro carbon liquids, such as those present in gasoline. 

Property Manufacturer Precursor Product grade Product form Typical range Gas-phase carbons Liquid-phase carbons ... 

Batch-stirred vessels are most often used in treating material with powdered activated carbon (72). The type of carbon, contact time, and amount of carbon vary with the desired degree of purification. The efficiency of activated carbon may be improved by applying continuous, countercurrent carbon—liquid flow with multiple stages (Fig. 3). Carbon is separated from the liquid at each stage by settling or filtration. Filter aids such as diatomaceous earth are sometimes used to improve filtration. 

Carbonate liquid-based ion-selective electrodes also are available ... 

The process above forms the basis of counter-pressure filling of carbonated liquids into a container. To achieve gravity filling the pressure within the filling... 

Bohnstedt KC, Karlberg B, Wahlund LO, Jonhagen ME, Basun H, Schmidt S. Determination of isoprostanes in urine samples from Alzheimer patients using porous graphitic carbon liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B. Ana-lyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2003 796 11. 

Pyle J. M. and Haggerty S. E. (1994) Silicate-carbonate liquid immiscibility in upper mantle eclogites evidence of natrosilicic and carbonatitic conjugate melts. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, 2997-3011. 

The equilibrium below occurs in a closed bottle of a carbonated liquid. 

Carbon materials are used in many industrial processes involving adsorption at a liquid-solid interface. Water purification by activated carbon, liquid chromatography, and stabilization of carbon black suspensions (inks, paints) are examples of such processes. 

The carbon liquid interface presents a definite contrast here the liquid side of the interface exerts a number of positive influences as shown in Table 2 3. The intensity, magnitude, and direction of influence will vary according to the specific assortment of solutes and solvents the net resultant can serve to augment, modify, or nullify the attractive forces exerted by the carbon side of the interface. 

FACTORS INFLUENCING ADSORPTION AT CARBON LIQUID INTERFACE... 

A salient difference in the adsorption of solutes versus gases and vapors is found in the altered role of temperature. An elevation in temperature increases the escaping tendency of a vapour or gas from the interface and invariably diminishes the adsorption. Similar action operates at the carbon liquid interface, but here it is often dwarfed by the influence of temperature on solvent affinities. This should not be taken to mean that temperature is without influence on adsorption from solution certainly, temperature can have much influence on the magnitude and direction of many factors shown in Table 2 3 and thereby alter the course of an adsorption. But the resulting action is quite specific (Table 2 4), many instances are... 

When the adsorption is considered complete, the carbon-liquid mixture is pumped to the filter, meanwhile continuing the agitation in the treatment tank so that a uniform mixture will be consistently delivered to the filter. 

Good filtration practice requires careful regulation of the pressure at which the carbon-liquid mixture is delivered to the filter. At the start, the pressure should be low enough to permit a proper flow of clear liquid from the filter. Then as the filtration continues and the filter cake becomes thicker, the pressure from the pump should be increased to maintain the rate of flow but such an increase in pressure should be very gradual. 

Fig. 5 2. Series arrangement for percolation columns A, B, and C contain granular carbon liquid enters system at E and leaves at L...

In Figure 2, regions of carbon, liquid sulfur, and homogeneous gas stability are plotted for the specified atomic ratio of hydrogen to carbon, 323°C (600°K), and 1 atm absolute pressure. In any practical process... 

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