Liner composition

A stndy was made of the effects of foam formulation and process conditions and liner composition on the adhesion of HCFC-141b blown rigid PU foam thermal insulation to refrigerator liner protective layers made of ABS, high-impact PS (HIPS), PE and blends of HIPS and PE containing a compatibiliser and adhesion promoter. A tensile test was used to quantify the level of adhesion before and after thermal cycling, and the Brett mould was used for laboratory simulations of foam adhesion within... 

Lifshitz J.M., Dayan H., Filament-wound pressure vessel with thick metal liner. Composites Structures 32 (1995) 313-323... 

Service Corrosive hazardous liquids compatible with liner composition and... 

Composite liners are combinations of soil liners and/or geosynthetic materials. The properties of composite liners are essentially the same as the component materials for the composite liner. However, animpoitant aspect for the effective use of composite liners is that the composite materials must be in intimate contact (i.e., without separation between materials). In reality, the type of GCL shown in Fig. 9c is a manufactured composite liner. Composite liner systems typically are used in conjunction with municipal and hazardous solid waste disposal. 

The minimum thickness of a clay liner is five feet except in intermediate C D landfills where three feet is allowed. In a composite liner, a 60-mil or thicker geomembrane is placed directly over a 4-foot-thick clay liner. Composite liners are required for all new mimicipal waste landfills. The maximum allowable slope of inside walls of a landfill is three horizontal to one vertical. In clay-lined landfills, leachate transfer lines may penetrate die liner horizontally at the perimeter berm. An antiseep collar is placed around the transfer line penetrating the liner to minimize the escape of leachate. In composite-lined landfills, on the other hand, leachate is pumped from the landfill s leachate collection system inside a sideslope riser - a large-diameter pipe that extends from a sump at the base of the landfill to the top of the berm. 

Compacted clay liners Bentonite clay liner Geosynthetic clay liners Composite clay liners... 

The base liner in modem waste containment facilities is typically a double-composite liner system. Double-composite liner systems are used to contain municipal solid waste and are required for waste containment facilities designed to contain hazardous waste. The primary liner system of a double-composite liner system typically includes a geomembrane and a geocomposite clay liner as the primary barrier layer and a geomembrane underlain by a compacted clay liner composite as the secondary barrier layer. 

Propellants cast into rockets are commonly case-bonded to the motors to achieve maximum volumetric loading density. The interior of the motor is thoroughly cleaned, coated using an insulating material, and then lined with a composition to which the propellant binder adheres under the environmental stresses of the system. The insulation material is generally a mbber-type composition, filled with siUca, titanium dioxide, or potassium titanate. SiUca-filled nitrate mbber and vulcanizable ethylene—propylene mbber have been used. The liner generally consists of the same base polymer as is used in the propellant. It is usually appHed in a thin layer, and may be partially or fully cured before the propellant is poured into the rocket. 

Rigid paperboard containers are made of paper greater than 0.254 mm (0.010 in) in caUper and include folding cartons, cormgated ftberboard cases, and spiral wound composite cans. Many paperboard cartons require the use of inner liners or overwraps, made of protective grades of paper, plastic, or aluminum foil laminations. 

An important appHcation of MMCs in the automotive area is in diesel piston crowns (53). This appHcation involves incorporation of short fibers of alumina or alumina—siHca in the crown of the piston. The conventional diesel engine piston has an Al—Si casting alloy with a crown made of a nickel cast iron. The replacement of the nickel cast iron by aluminum matrix composite results in a lighter, more abrasion resistant, and cheaper product. Another appHcation in the automotive sector involves the use of carbon fiber and alumina particles in an aluminum matrix for use as cylinder liners in the Prelude model of Honda Motor Co. 

A composite dmm is constmcted of a plastic, semirigid inner liner (usually polyethylene) and either a steel or fiber outer container or overpack. The composite dmm may be a useful compromise between a plastic dmm and a conventional steel dmm. It is strong enough to be handled like a steel dmm, yet provides an enclosure for chemicals that cannot be shipped safely in steel or fiber dmms. Capacities of composite dmms are 19—208 L (5—55 gal). Such dmms are used in chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. 

Tiated and untinted soft Hpstick masses are distributed ia pans as Hp glosses. These are appHed with the fingers or with Hpstick bmshes. Hard, tinted, pencil-type sticks have been marketed as Hp liners. Chap sticks are unpigmented Hpsticks iatended to alleviate scaling and to prevent cracked Hps. Compositions of Hpsticks, Hp glosses, and chap sticks have been pubHshed (90). 

White cast iron is brittle and difficult to machine. It is made by controlling the composition and rate of solidification of the molten iron so that all the carbon is present in the combined form. Very abrasive- and wear-resistant, white cast iron is used as liners and for grinding balls, dies, and pump impellers. 

Frozen Foods. Corrosion caused by the reaction of foods with aluminum containers is unusual if the products are handled and stored at 0°F or lower. However, the inevitable bad handling of frozen foods during commercial distribution causes undesirable thawing. In this condition, not only does the food deteriorate, but it can also attack the container. Such unwanted reactions can be effectively controlled by using coated aluminum containers. Since aluminum is highly compatible with frozen fruits and citrus juices, it has been used extensively as a liner for fiberboard composite cans, as complete aluminum cans, or as ends in combination with steel can bodies in the frozen food industry. 

Temperature changes in layered composites lead to shape distortion via spatial differences in material properties. Our original interest in the phenomenon was motivated by quality control during the manufacturing of the boxes for refrigerators and freezers. These boxes are made from a steel sheet as an outside layer, a plastic liner and urethane foam in the middle. In our case, the liner was made from... 

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