Life cycle stages equipment

Assess Risk Management. For each life cycle stage, determine the actions needed to reduce and control risks from known and reasonably anticipated activities. These actions could include product modifications, engineering or management controls, protective equipment, or risk communication such as warning labels. The product developer might even decide to abandon the product. 

As introduced in Section 14.2, bottlenecks in the process facilities can occur at many stages in a producing field life cycle. A process facility bottleneck is caused when any piece of equipment becomes overloaded and restricts throughput. In the early years of a development, production will often be restricted by the capacity of the processing facility to treat hydrocarbons. If the reservoir is performing better than expected it may pay to increase plant capacity. If, however, it is just a temporary production peak such a modification may not be worthwhile. 

Equipment—client may not have the equipment required to manufacture a specific product. It may be that available capital and installation time are limited such that they simply can not design, acquire, install and test the process equipment to reach the desired capacity within the available budget and time. If a product is in the early stages of its life cycle, the capital required may be hard to justify. This could be based upon the low initial volume anticipated while developing the market or the need to take advantage of a time-sensitive business opportunity. Tolling can provide a means to safely produce introductoiy, short-term, or small volume products that would otherwise be uneconomic. 

My hypothesis otherwise remains what it was in 1993 - the epithelial component originated from an epithelial animal and the amoeboid component originated from an amoeboid animal equipped with a protocnidocysts, and possibly already living as an intracellular parasite on the epithelial animal during some stage of its life cycle. One or another device for cell fusion would have to be invoked to explain how an amoeba and an epithelium... 

Licensing and run-time issues should have been confronted early in the life cycle. During the Implementation Stage, it should be necessary only to confirm with the vendor of the shell what steps should be taken to distribute run-time copies of the expert system. The matter of who will pay for the run-time copies should have been resolved by now. Problems with hardware in the field can be avoided if the users are given enough time to acquire equipment required to run the expert system. 

At this stage an economic evaluation must be undertaken. There are several options which can be considered an economic evaluation should be performed based on life-cycle costs that takes into consideration the replacement intervals and downtime associated with linings, compared to the higher costs of equipment fabricated from more expensive alloys. 

For any safety loop comprising several components, the safety integrity level (SIL) achievement is a joint responsibility of end-user and supplier, as will be clear from Table IX/1.0-1. Why discussing this here These are discussed here to show that equipment manufacturer/system integrator or end-user is not only responsible for the same in isolation. In a safety life cycle, there are several phases involving several activities. So, at various stages there will be involvement of either end-user or sup-plier/manufacturers. The same issue has been elaborated in Clause 1.0.1 refer to Fig. IX/1.0-1 also. 

As per lEC 61511 one sees that Persons, departments, organizations involved in safety life cycle activities shall be competent to carry out the activities for which they are accountable. Therefore involvement of certified functional safety experts at an early stage is helpful in appropriate equipment selection and proper framing of... 

Life cycle assessment of SOFC technology is still uncommon due to the relatively early stage in technical development. However, several studies have been performed since the end of the 1990s. Since there is a lack of standard commercial equipment that could serve as a basis and reference point for analysis, LCA studies mostly refer to hypothetical concepts and/or extrapolate from laboratory and early market prototypes to commercial units. While the first studies had only little access to operation data at aU (for the fuel cell system itself but also for production processes), the main effort was set in the assessment of inventory data using assumptions, simplifications, and correlations [79, 80]. The main outcomes of these studies were the identification of weak points and the setting of benchmarks for further development. With more information about fuel cells available today and a simultaneous advancement in LCA methodology, the studies became more reliable and detailed, regarding system description [81] as well as the assessment of environmental impacts coimected with inputs and outputs [82]. Especially the extensive data of these two studies found their way to commercial databases for LCA [83] and thereby became available to LCA practitioners. In 2005, the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU)... 

The various life-cycle activities and defenses against systematic failures, necessary to achieve functional safety, occur at different stages in the design and operating life of equipment. Therefore it is considered a good idea to define (that is to say describe) a life cycle. 

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