Available budget

In addition to the above, there is also the important question of whether the instrument will be a stand-alone stopped-flow CD system, or a wavelength scanning CD spectropolarimeter with stopped-flow attachment, or a stopped-flow instrument where one of the detectors is a CD detector. Recent instrument advances have complicated rather than simplified the decision about instrumentation. The importance of the above factors will be summarized before a brief discussion of particular manufacturers and their current instrumentation is given below. 

---

Equipment—client may not have the equipment required to manufacture a specific product. It may be that available capital and installation time are limited such that they simply can not design, acquire, install and test the process equipment to reach the desired capacity within the available budget and time. If a product is in the early stages of its life cycle, the capital required may be hard to justify. This could be based upon the low initial volume anticipated while developing the market or the need to take advantage of a time-sensitive business opportunity. Tolling can provide a means to safely produce introductoiy, short-term, or small volume products that would otherwise be uneconomic. 

There are several techniques to cool crystal sample in order to carry out crystallographic studies and they depend on (1) which investigation is carried out (2) what is the target temperature (3) how rapid shall be the experiment (4) the available budget. In the following we will analyze these methods. 

The DQO process is often conducted concurrently with the estimation of the project cost and its alignment with the available budget. A thorough sampling and analysis cost estimate may include the following items according to the project needs ... 

The extent of this with respect to the number of countries depends upon available budget... 

Designing an experiment to answer questions within an available budget. 

Meeting the criteria for admission to the list should not lead automatically to reimbursement. The available budget and the financial consequences of a proposed reimbursement list will have to be set against one another before the list is accepted. 

Companies should apply to the Ministry of Health for medicines to be entered on the list of reimbursable drugs, submithng a motivated and documented request. The Ministry of Health will then request the committee to examine the submission and to advise the minister, who will take the ulhmate decision, in the light both of this advice and of the available budget. 

A relatively easy way to determine the truly essential components and capabilities and drawbacks of a selected mass spectrometer is to consult current users. Touchy questions may arise when, despite all negotiations, the available budget is just not adequate for a desired instrument. The chosen instrument should have all required capabilities. It is usually not prudent to hope for later upgrading. 

In addition to the available budget in my opinion, the following points play a central role in making buying decisions ... 

One section in a book cannot provide comprehensive coverage of this topic. This is especially true because a budget must be specific for the function of the company and the resources available. Budgets are usually considered a roadmap or planning document for the completion of the assigned tasks and responsibilities based on the resources allocated by the company and is never all that it should be or a safety ad professional would want it to be. 

Camera systems can be installed with device number, type, and placement being limited only by the available budget At a minimum, a camera on each entrance and each exit to the school should be used. Additional cameras should be considered for areas of special concern, such as cash-handling areas or chemical-storage locations. The camera feeds should be routed to a monitoring station for real-time viewing, and they should be recorded for later review if an incident occurs. 

What is the available budget for instrumentation Prices of apparatus can range from several hundred dollars, for a basic manual synthesis system, to several million dollars for a fully integrated custom designed robotic synthesizer. 

Only in a few countries is the evaluation of safety measures part of the culture and routine within the road safety program, with a dedicated budget. In several countries, evaluation is very rare and adjusted to the available budget. Even when evaluation is consistently performed, it is usually limited to infrastracture and enforcement measures, or to specific behaviors targeted by specific measures. Formal efficiency assessment techniques are not always implemented. As regards the evaluation of the overall road safety program, it is mostly limited to a checkhsf of the specific measures foreseen, rather than an actual evaluation. 

Available budget and expertise for the waste minimization assessment program. 

As the possibility of having to perform more than one single experimental design must always be taken into account, it is wise not to invest more than 40% of the available budget in the first set of experiments. 

---