Timing, installation

FIG. 14-81 Fabricated costs and installation time of towers. Costs are for shell with two beads and sldrt, but without trays, packing, or connections. (Peters and Timmerhatis, Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, New Yoik, 1991. )... 

Equipment—client may not have the equipment required to manufacture a specific product. It may be that available capital and installation time are limited such that they simply can not design, acquire, install and test the process equipment to reach the desired capacity within the available budget and time. If a product is in the early stages of its life cycle, the capital required may be hard to justify. This could be based upon the low initial volume anticipated while developing the market or the need to take advantage of a time-sensitive business opportunity. Tolling can provide a means to safely produce introductoiy, short-term, or small volume products that would otherwise be uneconomic. 

The at speed balance (high speed balance) facility was originally used in Europe and is a rather sophisticated and costly installation. Time on the machine is expensive, partly due to the owner having a large investment to amortize and partly because the machine requires more than just an operator. 

Certain devices may be obtained which are factory-sealed —that is, interconnecting wiring is sealed by the manufacturer where it enters/exits enclosures. These devices do not require an additional (external) seal, and often can be utilized to advantage in lessening installation time and reducing space requirements (for an external seal). 

By these measures, it is possible to reduce installation times and ensure trouble-free commissioning of the equipment. 

Engineered system packaging reduces field installation time. 

The storage material, a granulate infiltrated with paraffin, is heated by hot water pipes. Even though the floor thickness is reduced, 0.5 kWh/m2 of heat can be stored in the floor. An additional advantage of the concept is that no drying of any component after installation is necessary, thereby reducing installation time and cost compared to common systems. 

Since the Nineteenth century, these philosophers have struggled to rescue time from a dimension on a simple, linear scale and install time as a multidimensional variable in a complex way of thinking about life. The biophilosophers have been drawn to evolution as a place to resolve the fundamental conundrum of time - How does it affect life The biophilosopher Georges Canguilhem, for one, tells his reader ... 

When selecting machinery components the goals are to maintain or improve product quality, have line flexibility to run a wide variety of products, have the ability to increase rates in the future, and minimize the long-term cost of the equipment. An additional goal is often to minimize installation time. 

Two case studies are presented here that show equipment purchases that were performed by two different companies. The first case study followed the principles and strategy rules previously discussed, and the equipment allowed for high rates, minimal installation time, and a low-cost product. The other case study did not follow the strategies, and the installation and process were flawed by numerous problems. The consequences of not having the proper equipment will be detailed along with the additional costs associated with the mistake. Two additional case studies on equipment installations can be found elsewhere [39]. 

Ease of Installation Time-consuming to design and install Design time-consuming Programming can be very time-consuming Simple to program and install... 

Although accurate costs for pipes, valves, and piping system auxiliaries can be obtained only by direct quotations from manufacturers, the design engineer can often make satisfactory estimates from data such as those presented in Figs. 14-3 through 14-34. The cost of materials and installation time presented in these figures covers the types of equipment most commonly encountered in industrial operations. 

Cost and installation time for carbon-steel welded pipe and fittings. 

Installation time for carbon-steel screwed pipe fittings. 

Cost and installation time for stainless-steel welded pipe and fittings. Prices are for types 304 and 304L. For types 316 and 347, multiply by 1.25 for type 316L, multiply by 1.45. 

Installation time for heat-resistant glass pipe and fittings. 

Fabricated costs and installation time of towers. Costs are for shell with two heads and skirt, but without trays, packing, or connections. 

Cost and installation time of jacketed and stirred reactors. 

---