Lidocaine topical

Bacitracin, Neomycin, Polymyxin B, Lidocaine, Topical (Clomycin)... 

N.W. Roller, Lidocaine topical film strip for oral mucosal biopsies, /. Oral Med., 30 55-58, 1975. 

Lidocaine hydrochloride [73-78-9] (Xylocaine), is the most versatile local anesthetic agent because of its moderate potency and duration of action, rapid onset, topical activity, and low toxicity. Its main indications are for infiltration, peripheral nerve blocks, extradural anesthesia, and in spinal anesthesia where a duration of 30 to 60 min is desirable. Because of its vasodilator activity, addition of the vasoconstrictor, epinephrine, increases the duration of action of Hdocaine markedly. It is also available in ointment or aerosol preparations for a variety of topical appHcations. 

Patients who do not obtain sufficient symptomatic relief from other treatments may use lidocaine, benzonatate, bupivacaine topically or mexiletine orally. 

Topical anesthetics temporarily inhibit the conduction of impulses from sensory nerve fibers. These drug s may be used to relieve itching and pain due to skin conditions, such as minor bums, fungus infections, insect bites, rashes, sunburn, and plant poisoning, such as poison ivy. Some are applied to mucous membranes as local anesthetics. Examples of local anesthetics include benzocaine (Lanacane), dibucadne (Nupereainal), and lidocaine (Xylocadne). 

When a topical gel, such as lidocaine viscous, is used for oral anestiiesia for die control of pain, the nurse instructs die patient not to eat food for 1 hour after use because local anestiiesia of die mouth or throat may impair swallowing and increase die possibility of aspiration. 

Another topical anesthetic, similar to benzocaine, is lidocaine, which is used to relieve the pain of shingles (herpes zoster) infections. Lidocaine is called an amide anesthetic, because it is not an ester (the alcohol is replaced by an amide, the nitrogen group). Amide anesthetics are metabolized by the liver, and are less prone to cause allergic reactions. If an anesthetic has the letter i in the prefix (lidocaine, prilocaine, bupivacaine), it is an amide anesthetic. 

True IgE-mediated anaphylactic reactions to LAs are extremely rare [11-13]. Only single cases have been reported in the literature with positive prick tests [ 14,15]. A case of a positive open patch test in a patient suffering from contact urticaria after topical application of lidocaine, pilocaine mixture (Emla cream) might represent a true IgE-mediated allergy [16]. The maj ority of immediate-type reactions are non-immune in nature. 

Dorfman D, Dalton A et al (1999) Treatment of painful distal sensory polyneuropathy in HIV-infected patients with a topical agent results of an open-label trial of 5% lidocaine gel. AIDS 13(12) 1589-1590... 

Nonprescription topical anesthetics such as lidocaine and benzocaine are available in many types of products. Local anesthetics decrease discharges in superficial somatic nerves and cause numbness on the skin surface but do not penetrate deeper structures such as muscle where the pain often lies. 

Several topically applied local anesthetics are routinely used by the eye care specialist in certain routine diagnostic procedures and for various relatively simple surgical procedures such as insertion of punctal plugs and surgical vision correction. The first of these to be used was cocaine, in concentrations ranging from 1 to 4% [30]. More modern local anesthetics, however, such as tetracaine hydrochloride and proparacaine hydrochloride, have replaced cocaine as drugs of choice in these procedures. For surgical procedures of a more complex nature, lidocaine hydrochloride and similar local anesthetics as retrobulbar injections have been used [31]. 

Cocaine is still a drug of choice among many physicians as a topical local anesthetic because the drug has vasoconstrictive qualities (shrinks and stops the flow of blood). Synthetic local anesthetics such as novacaine and xylocaine (lidocaine) have also been discovered and used extensively as a local anesthetic. 

Mueller-Goymann, C.C., and Frank, S.G., Interaction of lidocaine and lidocaine-hydrochloride with the liquid crystal structure of topical preparations, Int. J. Pharm., 29 147-159 (1986). 

Eczema is managed by emollients and topical corticosteroids. Fatty cream base is an emollient and is therefore indicated in eczema. Podophyllum is used in warts, lidocaine is an anaesthetic, calcipotriol is used in psoriasis and... 

Lidocaine/Prilocaine (EMLA/ IMX) [Topical Anesthetic] Uses ... 

Lidocaine/Tetracaine Transdermal (Synera) [Topical Anesthetic] Uses Topical anesthetic adjunct to phlebotomy or dermal procedures Action Topical anesthetic Dose Adults Children >3 y. Phlebotomy Apply to intact skin 20-30 min prior to venipuncture Dermal procedures Apply to intact skin 30 min prior to procedure Caution [B, ] Contra Pts w/ allergy to... 

Pramocaine is a topical anesthetic used as an antipruritic. The use on large areas and mucous membranes should be avoided. Topical lidocaine in combination with levomenthol is used for the same indications. Levomenthol has mild local anaesthetic, cooling and decongestant properties. 

Lidocaine hydrochloride Xylocaine) is the most commonly used local anesthetic. It is well tolerated, and in addition to its use in infiltration and regional nerve blocks, it is commonly used for spinal and topical anesthesia and as an antiarrhythmic agent (see Chapter 16). Lidocaine has a more rapidly occurring, more intense, and more prolonged duration of action than does procaine. 

Mepivacaine hydrochloride (Carbocaine) is longer acting than lidocaine and has a more rapid onset of action (3-5 minutes). Topical application is not effective. It has been widely used in obstetrics, but its use has declined recently because of the early transient neurobehavioral effects it produces. Adverse reactions associated with mepivacaine are generally similar to those produced by other local anesthetics. It can be used with epinephrine or levonordefrin (dental use only). 

EMLA cream (lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%) consists of a eutectic mixture of focal anesthetics. It is used to provide topical anesthetic to intact skin. Other topical preparations are effective only on mucosal surfaces. EMLA has been shown to reduce pain on venipuncture and provide substantial anesthesia for skin graft donor sites. No significant local or systemic toxicity has been demonstrated. 

Pretreatment with topical lidocaine 5% ointment may relieve burning... 

Methemoglobinemia (evidenced by cyanosis) has occurred following topical application of lidocaine for teething discomfort and laryngeal anesthetic spray. 

OTC Topical with bacitracin (Bacimyxin, Polysporin) with bacitracin, neomycin (Neosporin, Triple Antibiotic) with bacitracin, neomycin, lidocaine (Lanabiotic, Spectrocin) with gramicidin (Polysporin) with gramicidin, lidocaine (Lidosporin, Polysporin Burn Formula) with gramicidin, neomycin (Neosporin)... 

Previously used as component of "Magic Numbing Solution" or TAC Sol (epinephrine 1 2,000, tetracaine 0.5%, cocaine 11.8%) and LET Sol (lidocaine 4%, epinephrine 0.1%, tetracaine 0.5%), which are used as topical anesthesia for repair of minor lacerations. Topical tetracain solutions no longer available... 

Topical anesthetics such as EMLA cream, which is a mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine, can be quite effective in reducing pain associated with venipunture or intravenous line insertion, circumcision, and laser treatment of port wine stains (Wilder, 2000). 

Topical local anesthesia is often used for eye, ear, nose, and throat procedures. Satisfactory topical local anesthesia requires an agent capable of rapid penetration across the skin or mucosa, and with limited tendency to diffuse away from the site of application. Cocaine, because of its excellent penetration and local vasoconstrictor effects, has been used extensively for ear, nose and throat (ENT) procedures. Cocaine is somewhat irritating and is therefore less popular for ophthalmic procedures. Recent concern about its potential cardiotoxicity when combined with epinephrine has led most otolaryngology surgeons to switch to a combination containing lidocaine and epinephrine. Other drugs used for topical anesthesia include lidocaine-bupivacaine combinations, tetracaine, pramoxine, dibucaine, benzocaine, and dyclonine. 

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