Topical anesthetic

Methemoglobin reductase deficiency Acetaminophen, anesthetics, topical, benzocaine, chloroquine, dapsone, nitrites, primaquine, sulfonamides Methemoglobinemia... 

Topical anesthetics Topical anesthetics are used to anesthetize the eye for eye examination and removal of foreign bodies from the eye. Onset is 1 minute and duration is 15 minutes. The blink reflex is temporarily lost and the comeal epithelium temporarily dries. Use a protective eye patch until the... 

Ethyl-p-aminobenzoate Methyl chloride anesthetic, topical acne preps. 

Aloe barbadensis gel anesthetic, topical conditioners Aloe barbadensis gel anesthetic, topical creams Aloe barbadensis gel anesthetic, topical depilatories Aloe barbadensis gel anesthetic, topical facial preps. 

Aloe barbadensis gel anesthetic, topical shampoo Aloe barbadensis gel anesthetic, topical shaving preps. 

Lidocaine hydrochloride [73-78-9] (Xylocaine), is the most versatile local anesthetic agent because of its moderate potency and duration of action, rapid onset, topical activity, and low toxicity. Its main indications are for infiltration, peripheral nerve blocks, extradural anesthesia, and in spinal anesthesia where a duration of 30 to 60 min is desirable. Because of its vasodilator activity, addition of the vasoconstrictor, epinephrine, increases the duration of action of Hdocaine markedly. It is also available in ointment or aerosol preparations for a variety of topical appHcations. 

Sorbitan sesquioleate emulsions of petrolatum and wax are used as ointment vehicles in skin treatment. In topical appHcations, the inclusion of both sorbitan fatty esters and their poly(oxyethylene) derivatives modifies the rate of release and promotes the absorption of antibiotics, antiseptics, local anesthetics, vasoconstrictors, and other medications from suppositories, ointments, and lotions. Poly(oxyethylene(20)) sorbitan monooleate, also known as Polysorbate 80 (USP 23), has been used to promote absorption of ingested fats from the intestine (245). 

Medicinals. Many esters are used as pharmaceuticals (105,106). Of these, benzocaine, ethyl 4-aminobenzoate [94-09-7] is a topical anesthetic. Phenyl saHcylate [118-55-8] (1) has antipyretic, antirheumatic, and antiparasitic properties. 

Thus, acylation of 3(W,iV-dibutylamino)propanol (39) with p-nitrobenzoyl chloride affords the intermediate, 40. Reduction of the nitro group gives butacaine (41), an agent equipotent as cocaine as a topical anesthetic. 

The various methods of administering a local anesthetic include topical application, local infiltration, or regional anesfliesia... 

Topical anesfliesia involves die application of die anes-flietic to die surface of the skin, open area, or mucous membrane The anesthetic may be applied wifli a cotton swab or sprayed on the area This type of anesthesia may be used to desensitize the skin or mucous membrane to the injection of a deeper local anesthetic. In some instances, topical anesthetics may be applied by the nurse ... 

A topical anesthetic may be applied to the skin or mucous membranes. 

Topical anesthetics temporarily inhibit the conduction of impulses from sensory nerve fibers. These drug s may be used to relieve itching and pain due to skin conditions, such as minor bums, fungus infections, insect bites, rashes, sunburn, and plant poisoning, such as poison ivy. Some are applied to mucous membranes as local anesthetics. Examples of local anesthetics include benzocaine (Lanacane), dibucadne (Nupereainal), and lidocaine (Xylocadne). 

These drug s are contraindicated in those with a known hypersensitivity to any component of the preparation. The topical anesthetics are used cautiously in patients receiving Class I antiarrhytiimic drug s such as tocainide and mexiletine because the toxic effects are additive and potentially synergistic. 

TOPICAL ANESTHETICS. The nurse applies die anes-dietic as directed by die primary healdi care provider. Before the first application, the nurse cleanses and dries the area. For subsequent applications, the nurse removes all previous residue... 

Menthol is a mild anesthetic and anti-irritant. It causes a cool sensation on the skin, by activating the peripheral cold receptors. It is used in cigarettes, and in topical creams for the relief of sore muscles. It also is used in cough drops, aftershave lotions, inhalers, and cooling gels. 

Benzocaine is a topical anesthetic. It numbs any area to which it is applied. It is widely used in first-aid creams and sunburn remedies. 

Another topical anesthetic, similar to benzocaine, is lidocaine, which is used to relieve the pain of shingles (herpes zoster) infections. Lidocaine is called an amide anesthetic, because it is not an ester (the alcohol is replaced by an amide, the nitrogen group). Amide anesthetics are metabolized by the liver, and are less prone to cause allergic reactions. If an anesthetic has the letter i in the prefix (lidocaine, prilocaine, bupivacaine), it is an amide anesthetic. 

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