Skin conditions

Allergic contact dermatitis Skin condition that occurs in response to exposure to sensitizing material. It is characterized by redness, swelling and cracking and, sometimes more severe reactions involving the entire immune system. 

A gin blossom, colloquially, is the red nose caused by capillaries and a skin condition called roseacea, commonly associated with drinking too much.The comedian W. C. Fields cultivated a gin blossom that was a garden-club show-stopper. 

Topical anesthetics temporarily inhibit the conduction of impulses from sensory nerve fibers. These drug s may be used to relieve itching and pain due to skin conditions, such as minor bums, fungus infections, insect bites, rashes, sunburn, and plant poisoning, such as poison ivy. Some are applied to mucous membranes as local anesthetics. Examples of local anesthetics include benzocaine (Lanacane), dibucadne (Nupereainal), and lidocaine (Xylocadne). 

Pain related to skin condition or inoreased sensitivity to drug therapy... 

A keratolytic agent would be safe to use on which of the following skin conditions ... 

Like salicylic acid, it is also used to treat warts, psoriasis, and other skin conditions. 

Sodium dodecyl sulfate has been used to induce a dry, scaly skin condition in human subjects by daily treatment with a 4% aqueous solution on one leg over a period of 2 weeks. Measurements were made of stratum comeum hydration, scaliness, and lipid composition which were used to assess in vivo surfactant perturbations on desquamation [381]. 

The skin condition reflects the skin irritation elicited by a surfactant when applied. Skin surface appraisal is hence a means for assessing product mildness. 

Obviously, if you wish to treat a skin condition or infection, a preparation that can be applied topically would be the preferred option. Similarly, inhalation would be the first choice if trying to treat a pulmonary or bronchial condition, such as asthma. Dermal application would also be the first choice for localized tissue treatments (e.g. muscle injury), provided that the drug can be absorbed through the skin. However, in most other situations it is necessary for drugs to enter the bloodstream in order for them to be transported to their site of action. This is most commonly achieved by ingestion, or by intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) injection when the oral route is not suitable. 

Skin conditions share some clinical features with rosacea ... 

Dermal Effects. Some of the people in Woburn, Massachusetts, who had been chronically exposed to trace amounts of trichloroethylene and other substances in the drinking water reported skin lesions (Byers et al. 1988). These were maculopapular rashes that were said to occur approximately twice yearly and lasted 2-4 weeks. These skin conditions generally ceased 1-2 years after cessation of exposure to contaminated water. The limitations of this study are discussed in Section 2.2.2.8. A case study was published of a 63-year-old rural South Carolina woman exposed to trichloroethylene and other chlorinated hydrocarbons in her well water, who developed diffuse fascitis, although her husband did not (Waller et al. 1994). The level of trichloroethylene measured in the well water was 19 mg/L. Substitution of bottled water for drinking resulted in improved symptoms. 

At the last visit, MW s fluoxetine was changed to bupropion, pergolide was started and gradually increased to 0.25 mg three times daily, and a dandruff shampoo was started. Since that time his skin condition, attitude, apathy, stiffness, rigidity, handwriting, tremor, slowness, and kicking have improved. The UPDRs score is 5 while "on". 

Acanthosis nigricans A skin condition characterized by dark, thickened velvety patches, especially in the folds of skin in the armpits, groin, and back of the neck that is often associated with insulin resistance. Also may be associated with internal malignancy, endocrine disorders, and obesity. 

For improving skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis, make a tea of elder with equal parts chickweed (Stellaria media), marshmallow root (.Althaea officinalis) and burdock root Arctium lappa). 

The amounts of ointments and creams people apply are highly individualized. So are the techniques of application. Some patients vigorously rub semisolid formulations into the skin, while others just spread films until they are more or less uniform over the desired area. While pharmacokinetic assessments of a system s delivery attributes is ordinarily done using normal skin (in vitro) or on healthy volunteers (in vivo), the site of its clinical deployment is usually anything but normal. Rather, it is determined by the skin condition to be treated. Clearly, the manufacturer is without control over how a disease is expressed in a particular patient. For many diseases, disease manifestation can be anywhere on the body. Moreover, from individual to individual it varies in intensity and vastness. Thus, more area may be involved in one case than in another, and the barrier function of the skin may be more or less intact in any instance. This creates a set of imponderables with respect to delivery, efficacy, and safety. 

If you look in the medical literature, you will often see the term placebo defined as a non-specific treatment. What does it mean to say that a treatment is not specific It could mean that the treatment is effective for many different disorders, rather than for only one particular condition. In this sense, placebos are indeed non-specific. Besides depression, placebos have been shown to affect anxiety, pain, ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, Parkinson s disease, angina, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, gastric function, sexual dysfunction and skin conditions. We know this from the thousands of studies in which placebos have been used as control conditions, against which the effects of medication have been evaluated, and from studies that were specifically designed to assess the placebo effect. 

Patient age and hormonal status in women should be considered in the initial evaluation of patients with skin disorders. Older patients are predisposed to developing psoriasis, seborrhea, and other skin conditions. Atopic dermatitis is most likely to occur in children. Menopausal women tend to develop brown hyperpigmentation, or melasma. Pregnant women may develop hyperpigmentation of the areola and genitalia as well as melasma. 

The duration of the skin condition should be determined, and the temporal relationship with any new medications should be established. 

Patients with chronic skin conditions should be evaluated periodically to assess disease control, the efficacy of current therapy, and the presence of possible adverse effects. 

Exposure conditions appear to play the most important role in the induction and elicitation of contact hypersensitivity. These conditions involve factors inherent to the individual, including thickness of the exposed skin and skin condition at the exposure site. External factors including the vehicle, occlusive or non-occlusive conditions, temperature and humidity, and exposure to sunlight may also influence the development of contact allergy. 

HAp coatings, 14 105 HapMap project, 20 839 Hapten-antibody interactions, 9 64 Haptic sensor, for skin conditions, 3 749 Harcros antifoam, commercial defoamer, 3 24 It... 

A few drugs depend for their therapeutic action upon light activation. Included in this review are dithranol, which has been suggested to exert its antipsoriatic action in this way, and the psoralens, which have long been used in combination with sunbathing to treat various skin conditions and now are also used against surface cancers. 

Because of the increased use of closed systems and protective clothing, dermal absorption of 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine probably represents a relatively minor route of exposure (EPA 1980b). However, there is experimental evidence that imder certain environmental conditions favoring moist skin conditions. 

Oilatum bath additive and E45 cream are both emollients that soothe, smooth and hydrate the skin, so ore useful in dry skin conditions. Nizoral shampoo is on antifungal preparation containing ketoconozole that is used in dandruff. 

Calamine lotion is mildly astringent, soothing and has a cooling effect. It is therefore useful in itchy skin conditions, such as chickenpox. 

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