Skin graft

Transplantation entails the transfer of living cells/tissue/organs from a donor to a recipient. In some cases (e.g. many skin grafting procedures) the donor and recipient are actually the same individual, and this is termed autologous transplantation. More usually, however, the donor and recipient are different individuals, and this is termed allogeneic transplantation. 

Newt, Notophthalmus viridescens adults, single acute exposure of 20 Gy, one limb shielded or 22 Gy, whole body, no limbs shielded Frog, Rana sp., single acute exposure Forelimb regeneration completely suppressed when limbs to be amputated were irradiated directly. Irradiated limbs had severe and protracted inflammation, with total resorption of the affected limbs in 85% of the cases. Shielded limbs subsequently amputated had delays — but not suppression — in rate of forelimb regeneration and skin graft rejection 4... 

Cohen, N., Chronic skin graft rejection in the Urodela I. A comparative study of first-and-second-set allograft reactions, J. Exp. Zool., 167, 36, 1968. 

Although ciclosporin and tacrolimus applied systemically improve psoriatic lesions, they are clearly less active when applied topically. Therefore, liposomal preparations have been developed. Indeed, ciclosporin penetrates deeper strata of rodent and human cadaver skin more efficiently when incorporated into liposomes [51], Moreover, tacrolimus concentrations in murine skin have increased ninefold, and skin graft survival prolonged, if the drug is liposome encapsulated [52]. This indicates that topical psoriasis therapy with tacrolimus may become possible. At present, topical tacrolimus is confined to the less recalcitrant forms of mild eczema. 

During and after the Second World War, attempts were made to graft tissues from one individual to another, especially skin grafts in order to reduce disfigurement caused by bums. Unfortunately, the grafts were always rapidly... 

EMLA cream (lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%) consists of a eutectic mixture of focal anesthetics. It is used to provide topical anesthetic to intact skin. Other topical preparations are effective only on mucosal surfaces. EMLA has been shown to reduce pain on venipuncture and provide substantial anesthesia for skin graft donor sites. No significant local or systemic toxicity has been demonstrated. 

Nitrofurazone, a topical antibiotic, is occasionally used in the treatment of burns or skin grafts in which bacterial contamination may cause tissue rejection. 

Burns, catheter-related urinary tract infection, skin grafts Topical Apply directly on... 

The biomaterials tested exhibited successful integration, confirming results of previous studies, and the partial wound epithelialisation was achieved by day 21 where either split-thickness skin graft or cultured keratinocytes were applied over dermal substitute biomaterial (Figs. 25.2 and 25.3). 

Epithelialisation by a Split-Thickness Skin Graft Applied Directly to Full-Thickness Wounds... 

Fig. 25.2 Survival of a split-thickness skin graft applied over Permacol paste. SSG day 0, assessed 6 days post grafting, haematoxylin and eosin, xlOO. Epithelium of a split-thickness skin graft (SSG) was viable and well-structured. Dermal component of the graft was intimately attached to the well-cellularised Permacol paste PP) with minimal signs of the inflammatory reaction. Dermal substitute biomaterial integrated into the full-thickness wound via granulation tissue in growth present at the paste and wound bed (WB) interface...

Results of our experiments suggest that (1) dermal substitute biomaterials may contribute to the improved wound re-epithehalisation when combined with cultured autologous keratinocytes and (2) porcine collagen paste is able to support splitthickness skin graft survival as well as autologous cultured keratinocyte proliferation. 

Kangesu T, Navsaria HA, Manek S, Shurey CB, Jones CR, Fryer PR, Leigh IM, Green CJ (1993) A porcine model using skin graft chambers for studies on cultured keratinocytes. Br J... 

Ebbesen, P (1977). Effect of age of non-skin tissues on susceptibility of skin grafts to 7.12dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) carcinogenesis in Balb/c mice and effect of skin graft on susceptibility of surrounding redpient skin to DMBA, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 58,1057. 

Bartholomew, A., Sturgeon, C, Siatskas, M., et al. (2002), Mesenchymal stem cells suppress lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and prolong skin graft survival in vivo, Exp. Elematol., 30(1), 42 18. 

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