Proparacaine hydrochloride

Several topically applied local anesthetics are routinely used by the eye care specialist in certain routine diagnostic procedures and for various relatively simple surgical procedures such as insertion of punctal plugs and surgical vision correction. The first of these to be used was cocaine, in concentrations ranging from 1 to 4% [30]. More modern local anesthetics, however, such as tetracaine hydrochloride and proparacaine hydrochloride, have replaced cocaine as drugs of choice in these procedures. For surgical procedures of a more complex nature, lidocaine hydrochloride and similar local anesthetics as retrobulbar injections have been used [31]. 

Common Name Proparacaine hydrochloride Proparakain hydrochloride Proximetacainum hydrochloride Proxymetacaine hydrochloride... 

Proparacaine hydrochloride AK-Taine Alcaine Ophthetic Parcaine 0.5% solution 0.01% benzalkonium chloride... 

Proparacaine hydrochloride with fluorescein sodium Fluoracaine Flucaine 0.5% solution combined with 0.25% fluorescein sodium 0.1% thimerosal... 

Following dermal or ocular exposures to hydrazines, there are several methods by which absorption can be reduced. All contaminated clothing should be removed, and contacted skin should be washed immediately with soap and water (Bronstein and Currance 1988 Haddad and Winchester 1990 Sittig 1991 Stutz and Janusz 1988). Eyes that have come in contact with hydrazines should be flushed with copious amounts of water. Contact lenses should be removed prior to flushing with water. Proparacaine hydrochloride may be used to assist eye irrigation (Bronstein and Currance 1988). 

Intravitreal injections are simple to perform and can be done in an office setting. A typical approach is as follows topical anesthetic drops (e.g., 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride) are instilled onto the ocular surface. Topical lidocaine 4% or proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5% is applied to the injection site using cotton tip pledgets. The conjunctiva, lids, and lashes are disinfected with 5% to 10% povidone iodine... 

Fluoracaine solution 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride and 0.25% fluorescein sodium)... 

PROPARACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE (Ak-Taine, Alcaine, Ophthaine Hydrochloride, Opthetic sterile ophthalmic solution)... 

H. Proxymetacaine Hydrochloride BAN, Proxymetacaine INN, Proparacaine Hydrochloride USAN,... 

Dental Res., 42, 793-802 (1963). NB Cited in Whigan DB, Proparacaine hydrochloride, APDS, 6, 423-456 (1977). Also reported values for procaine, butethamine, tetracaine, chlorprocaine, propoxycaine, butylaminobenzoate, benzocaine, benoxinate, metabutediamine and metabutoxycaine. 

Intraocular pressure (lOP) measurement can be appUed to laboratory animals (Williams, 2007 Coster et al., 2008 Munger and Collins, 2013). The tonometry procedure requires topical corneal anesthesia. Proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5%, administered as a single drop to each eye immediately before measurement, provides adequate desensitization for this brief procedure. Applanation tonometry requires physical contact between the instrument and the corneal surface a gentle and consistent touch with the tonometer is essential. Unlike tonometry using fixed, tabletop equipment with adult humans, this procedure in laboratory animals demands multiple, consecutive measures that are averaged and displayed by the equipment. Tonometers that rely on air pulses can cause startle reflex activity that interferes with consistent measurement. 

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