Leukocyte count

Hematological effects were noted in several animal studies. A few instances of significant differences were noted in the hematocytology (red blood cell [RBC] count, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, leukocyte count, and differential leukocyte count) in rats that had received diisopropyl methylphosphonate in the diet at doses of 0, 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg/day for 90 days. However, because the differences were so scattered and lacked clear dose response, they were considered of no toxicological importance (Hart 1976). Beagles that had been treated with the compound in the diet at doses of 4, 13, or 38 mg/kg/day for 14 days demonstrated values that were within normal limits for... 

Mallard ducks fed up to 10,000 ppm diisopropyl methylphosphonate in feed for up to 24 weeks showed no significant effects on blood hemoglobin levels, leukocyte count, and hematocrit (Aulerich et al. 1979). Doses could not be calculated in mg/kg/day because food intake and body weights were not measured in this study. 

Mouse 28 d (Swiss- 7 d/wk Webster) 24 hr/d 1.6 (decreased spleen and thymus weight, decreased leukocyte count, decrease in antibody titer following intraperitoneal immunization decreased splenic antibody forming cells) Hillam and Ozkan 1986 Pb(N03)2... 

Choi, J.H., Kim, C., Lim, H. Y. et al. 2001. Vascular endothelial growth factor in the serum of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer Correlation with platelet and leukocyte counts. Lung Cancer 33 171-179. 

Bacterial infections are associated with elevated granulocyte counts (neutrophils, basophils), often with increased numbers of immature forms (band neutrophils) seen in peripheral blood smears (left-shift). With infection, peripheral leukocyte counts may be very high, but are rarely higher than 30,000 to 40,000/mm3. Low neutrophil counts (neutropenia) after the onset of infection indicate an abnormal response and are generally associated with a poor prognosis for bacterial infection. 

Total and absolute differential leukocyte counts Globulin levels1 and A/G ratios Lymphoid organs / tissues Thymus, spleen (optional lymph nodes)... 

GO) leukocyte counts, natural killer cell activity, and Concanavlin A responsiveness) ... 

Newborn healthy infants vary in their total leukocyte counts from 9,000 to 30,000 per cu. mm., in neutrophils from 6,000 to 26,000, in eosinophils from 20 to 850, in basophils from 0 to 640, in lymphocytes from 2,000 to 11,000, and in monocytes from 400 to 3,100. In healthy adults the total leucocytes vary from 3,500 to 14,800, which may be distributed within the following ranges ... 

Hematological Effects. Several case studies reported hematological effects in children following acute ingestion of kerosene. Increases in leukocyte counts were reported for 37-80% of the respective study populations (Dudin et al. 1991 Majeed et al. 1981 Nouri and Al-Rahim 1970). 

Leander et al. described ready-to-use liposomes that were effective and well tolerated in humans [61]. The iodinated contrast agent was the non-ionic dimer, iodixanol. The particle size of the liposomes was 350 nm with an iodine concentration of 70-80 mg mL encapsulated. They injected doses of 30, 70 or 100 mgl kg intravenously and found maximal enhancement values of 45 HU in the liver and 240 HU in the spleen. The uptake into these organs was not linealy correlated with the injected dose. No serious or unexpected adverse reactions were reported. Dose-dependent changes in leukocyte counts and body temperature were seen. 

Percutaneous absorption has been documented in rabbits. The liquid dropped into the eye of a rabbit caused severe but reversible conjunctivitis, iritis, and corneal opacity. Cytotoxic effects on rat bone marrow cells, with reduction in leukocyte counts, and testicular degeneration were observed after intramuscular injections at 400mg/kg/day. 

Examination of 13 individuals 5 years after they were occupationally exposed to a chlorine dioxide leak revealed sensitivity to respiratory irritants and nasal abnormalities. Delayed deaths occurred in animals after exposure to 15 0-2 00 ppm for less than 1 hour. Rats exposed daily to 10 ppm died after 10-13 days of exposure effects were nasal and ocular discharge and dyspnea autopsy revealed purulent bronchitis. Another study reported that two to four 15-minute exposures to 5 ppm for 1 month did not alter the blood composition or lung histology of rats similar exposures to 10-15 ppm caused bronchitis, bronchiolitis, catarrhal alveolar lesions, and peribronchial infiltration. Lesions healed within 15 days after treatment. Rats and rabbits exposed for 30 days to 5 or 10 ppm (2 hours/day) had localized bronchopneumonia with elevated leukocyte counts slight reversible pulmonary lesions were found after exposures of 2.5ppm for 4-7 hours/day. No adverse reactions were... 

Exposure to 782 ppm for 4 weeks caused an increase in platelet counts in male rats and an increase in total leukocyte count in female rats hematologic parameters did not change for mice or rabbits exposed to the same or higher concentrations. Despite its chemical similarity, ethyl benzene does not appear to cause the same damage to the hematopoietic system as benzene. ... 

Rats exposed to 30,000 ppm died within 1 hour after onset of exposure with severe pulmonary hemorrhage. At 15,000ppm, rats exhibited excitability, incoordination, coma, rapid respiration, tremor, and convulsions three of four died in 3 hours with pulmonary edema and hyperemia of the lungs and liver. Exposure at 5000 ppm for 18 hours caused coma, pulmonary damage, and death. Rats survived 10 exposures of 4 hours each at 3000 ppm with rapid, shallow respiration, hyperresponsiveness, and slight incoordination recovery was immediate after exposure. Decreased leukocyte count occurred in female rats exposed to lOOOppm 6 hours/day for 31 days. ... 

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