Total leukocyte count

Newborn healthy infants vary in their total leukocyte counts from 9,000 to 30,000 per cu. mm., in neutrophils from 6,000 to 26,000, in eosinophils from 20 to 850, in basophils from 0 to 640, in lymphocytes from 2,000 to 11,000, and in monocytes from 400 to 3,100. In healthy adults the total leucocytes vary from 3,500 to 14,800, which may be distributed within the following ranges ... 

Exposure to 782 ppm for 4 weeks caused an increase in platelet counts in male rats and an increase in total leukocyte count in female rats hematologic parameters did not change for mice or rabbits exposed to the same or higher concentrations. Despite its chemical similarity, ethyl benzene does not appear to cause the same damage to the hematopoietic system as benzene. ... 

The number of leukocytes after treatment with a sub-lethal dose of 5FU decreased and reached its lowest level on day 7, followed by gradual recovery (data not shown). In the CVS group, the overall kinetics were almost the same, but the levels of leukopenia on day 4 were weaker and a rapid recovery was observed. CVS administration did not influence the total leukocyte counts or the differential counts in untreated normal mice (data not shown). 

Not all classes of leukocytes are affected by glucocorticoids in the same way. The total leukocyte count is increased, but the number of eosinophilic leukocytes falls, as does the lymphocyte count. The number of monocytes is reduced, as is their capacity to perform phagocytosis. 

Walford RL, Harris SB, Gunion MW. The calorically restricted low-fat nutrient-dense diet in Biosphere 2 significantly lowers blood glucose, total leukocyte count, cholesterol, and blood pressure in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992 89 11533-11537. 

Determine total leukocyte counts under optical microscope... 

Increases in total leukocyte count and neutrophil counts, and a decrease in platelet counts were also observed, but bleeding time and megakaryocytes were not altered (Weissberg and Zinkl 1973). 

Regular blood tests are required to check for cytopenia, especially neutropenia. The Summary of Product Characteristics for hydroxycarbamide states The complete status of the blood, including bone marrow examination, if indicated, as well as kidney function and liver function should be determined prior to, and repeatedly during, treatment. The determination of haemoglobin level, total leukocyte counts, and platelet counts should be performed at least once a week throughout the course of hydroxycarbamide therapy. If white blood cell count falls below 2.5 x 109/L or platelet count to <100 x 109/L, therapy should be interrupted. Counts should be rechecked after 3 days and treatment resumed when they rise significantly towards normal. 

Lithium can be used in combination with clozapine, and in these patients the possibility of inducing leukocytosis and increasing the total leukocyte count and the granulocyte count has been considered (SEDA-20, 50). Lithium has even been used to prevent clozapine-induced neutropenia (SEDA-22, 59) (162). It has also been used in a patient with clozapine-induced neutropenia and in another with complete agranulocytosis in both cases lithium increased the neutrophil count to within the reference range within 6 days (163). In the patient who had neutropenia, clozapine was restarted in the presence of lithium and the neutrophil count did not fall thereafter. Five other patients who took combined clozapine and lithium had a significant improvement with this... 

A 20-year-old man with schizophrenia took olanzapine 5 mg/day increasing to 10 mg/day after 3 days (206). His total leukocyte count fell to 3.9 x 109/1 on the fifth day, with an absolute neutrophil count of 1.52 x 109/1. Olanzapine was withdrawn and the leukocyte count normalized within 72 hours. A few days later rechallenge was positive. He was given lithium 900 mg/day and continued to take olanzapine 20 mg/day. 

A 75-year-old man with non-Hodgkin s lymphoma and cryptococcal meningoencephalitis developed neutropenia with eosinophilia associated with fluconazole. After 1 week of fluconazole 400 mg/day his total leukocyte count began to fall and his eosinophil count increased. Concurrent medications included levothyr-oxine, famotidine, and co-trimoxazole. The last two drugs were withdrawn and he was given G-CSF. 

A 24-year-old woman with acute promyelocytic leukemia took tretinoin, and 2 days later developed dyspnea and general aching (39). Her total leukocyte count was 5.04 x 10 /1, her Pa02 was 42.5 mmHg, and a chest X-ray showed bilateral parenchymal infiltration consistent with respiratory distress syndrome. She recovered within 3 days of treatment with low-dose cytarabine and glucocorticoids, without withdrawal of the retinoic acid. 

The blood erythrocyte count is increased in smokers. The amount of carboxyhemoglobin may exceed 10% of the total hemoglobin in heavy smokers, and the increased number of cells compensates for impaired ability of the red cells to transport oxygen. The blood PO2 of the habitual smoker is usually about 5 mmHg (0.7 kPa) less than in the nonsmoker, whereas the PCO2 is unaffected. The blood leukocyte concentration is increased by as much as 30% in smokers, but the leukocyte concentration of ascorbic acid is greatly reduced. The lymphocyte count is increased as a proportion of the total leukocyte count. 

No effects on hemoglobin, hematocrit, or differential leukocyte count were observed in rabbits exposed to 60% chlorine PCBs in isopropanol (Aroclor 1260, Clophen A60, or Phenoclor DP6) applied to the shaved back skin 5 days/week for 38 days at estimated doses of 42 mg/kg/day (Vos and Beems 1971). Total leukocyte count was reduced, but insufficient information was provided to determine whether this effect was adverse, whether it was due to a direct effect on the reticuloendothelial system, or if it was secondary to other toxicity (hepatic and renal damage also occurred). CDFs were found only in the non-Aroclor PCBs (detection limit, 1 ppm). 

It has been observed that subnormal carbonic anhydrase activity occurs in the blood of zinc-deficient calves (Miller and Miller 1962) and in the erythrocytes of severely deficient rats (Kirchgessner etal. 1975). Others have identified decreases in the packed cell volume and total leukocyte count accompanied by absolute lymphocytopenia and relative neutrophilia in guinea pigs (Gupta etal. 1985). Several studies have demonstrated that zinc deficiency... 

In treating CML, the initial oral dose of busulfan (myleran, busulfex) varies with the total leukocyte count and the severity of the disease daily doses from 2 to 8 mg for adults ( 60 pg/kg or... 

Hypersensitivity reactions occur in 1% of cases. They are characterized by fever, necrosis of the liver, and sometimes rashes and occur 2-6 weeks after initiation of treatment. The total leukocyte count is high in most cases. 

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