Pulmonary hemorrhage

The low concentration group appeared normal and gained weight. At 1000 pg/L, liver necrosis and pulmonary hemorrhage. At 1800 pg/L, all had nonspecific inflammation of brain, heart, lung, liver, and kidney Nasal histopathology... 

In male rats the LC50 was 7 500 ppm for a single 8-hour exposure there was prostration followed by convulsive seizures at autopsy there was pulmonary hemorrhage. Rats exposed 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks to concentrations greater than 600 ppm had respiratory and ocular irritation and anemia. In another study rats repeatedly exposed to 665 ppm for 7 hours daily developed pulmonary inflammation, and there were minor changes in the liver and kidneys in some animals. ... 

In guinea pigs, concentrations of 500-1000 ppm were fatal after 5-8 hours of exposure effects were immediate lacrimation and nasal irritation, followed by unsteadiness and coma autopsy findings were pulmonary edema, pulmonary hemorrhage, and occasional complete consolidation. Fatalities occurred when 300mg/kg was applied dermally to guinea pigs as a pure liquid for 24 hours. 

A chemical worker accidentally exposed to an unknown concentration of the vapor developed giddiness, diarrhea, sleepiness, and irritability, with recovery in a week when reexposed 3 months later, he experienced drowsiness, vomiting, pallor, incoordination, slurred speech, muscular twitching, oliguria, coma, and death. At autopsy there were bronchopneumonia and pulmonary hemorrhages, with accumulation of combined iodine in the brain. 

In rats exposed to aerosols of paraquat, the LCso for 6 hours was Img/m death was delayed and resulted from pulmonary hemorrhage and edema.In practice, the large particle size of agricultural sprays probably mitigates against this occurring in exposed workers."... 

Exposure of rats to 1 ppm for 16-18 hours was fatal 0.5 ppm caused pulmonary edema and hemorrhage 0.1 ppm caused irritation of the lungs 0.01 ppm had no effect. Nonfatal exposure of rats to 10 ppm for 1 hour caused pulmonary hemorrhage. ... 

Rats exposed to 30,000 ppm died within 1 hour after onset of exposure with severe pulmonary hemorrhage. At 15,000ppm, rats exhibited excitability, incoordination, coma, rapid respiration, tremor, and convulsions three of four died in 3 hours with pulmonary edema and hyperemia of the lungs and liver. Exposure at 5000 ppm for 18 hours caused coma, pulmonary damage, and death. Rats survived 10 exposures of 4 hours each at 3000 ppm with rapid, shallow respiration, hyperresponsiveness, and slight incoordination recovery was immediate after exposure. Decreased leukocyte count occurred in female rats exposed to lOOOppm 6 hours/day for 31 days. ... 

Sildenafil - Serious cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and vascular events, including Ml, sudden cardiac death, ventricular arrhythmia, cerebrovascular hemorrhage, transient ischemic attack, hypertension subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhages, and pulmonary hemorrhage have been reported postmarketing in temporal association with sildenafil. 

Etzel, R. A., Montana, E., Sorensen, W. G., Kullman, G. J., Allan, T. M., and Dearborn, D. G. (1998). Acute pulmonary hemorrhage in infants associated with exposure to Stachybotrys atra and other fungi. Arch. Pediutr. Adolesc. Med. 152, 757-762. 

Groups of 4 male albino ChR-CD rats were exposed to various concentrations of HDl for 4 or 8 hours. When rats were exposed to 370 ppm, they died after 2-3 hours of exposure. Prior to death, rats showed signs of irritation, gasping, and convulsions. Tracheitis, pleural effusion, and small areas of pulmonary hemorrhage were observed at necropsy but were not considered extensive enough to cause death. Rats survived exposiues to 5-72 ppm HDl (Haskell Laboratory 1961). In a similar study, groups of 4 male albino ChR-CD rats were exposed to 30 ppm HDl for 4 hours daily for 10 days over a 2-week period. 

While the human studies deseribe the allergic component of HDI toxieity, most of the animal studies describe the direet irritant effeets of HDI and HDI prepolymers after inhalation. Laboratory animals exposed to HDI via inhalation showed such adverse signs as respiratory irritation, tracheitis, pleural effusion, pulmonary hemorrhage, bronchitis, and bronchopneumonia, mostly at eoncentrations >1 ppm (Dow Chemical 1964 E.I. Dupont de Nemours 1978 Haskell Laboratory 1961 Karol et al. 1984). 

Antithyroid drugs, especially propylthiouracil, can be associated with the development of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-positive vasculitis, often manifesting as renal disease. Atypical presentations, with pulmonary capillaritis (58) and lupus-like syndrome (59), have been described in individual cases. Furthermore, two cases of vasculitis have been associated with carbimazole, one presenting with eosinophilic granulomatous vasculitis localized to the stomach (60) and another with p-ANCA positive vasculitis causing simultaneous acute renal insufficiency and massive pulmonary hemorrhage (61). 

Coughs, pulmonary hemorrhage. Dose, frequent wineglasses of the 1 ounce to 1 pint infusion. England says, "Lycopus and Capsicum is the remedy for hemorrhage from the lungs."... 

Ocular injury and upper airway injury, pulmonary hemorrhage, bronchospa... 

Stachybotrys chartarum is one of the most commonly noted agents associated with so-called sick building or damp building-related syndrome and damp building-related illnesses (DBRI). While upper and some lower respiratory tract symptoms have been accepted as causally linked to human exposure to moldy damp indoor environments, other reported effects, including airflow obstruction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary hemorrhage, neurologic effects and cancer, have not (Institute of Medicine, 2004). An excellent recent review of S. chartarum, associated trichothecene mycotoxins, and DBRI is available (Pestka et al, 2008). 

JdinsUme IB, Viel L, Crane S, Whiting T. Hemostatic studies in racing standardbred horses with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. Hemostatic parameters at rest and after naoderate exercise. Can J Vet Res 1991 55 101-106... 

Wdss DJ, Smith CM, Rao GH, White Kj. Platdet fimction in the racing Thorou ibred inq>lications for exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. Vet Clin Path 1990 19 35-39... 

Ah A, Hashem M, Rosman HS, Kazmouz G, Gardin JM, Schrieber TL. Use of platelet glycoprotein Ilb/IIIa inhibitors and spontaneous pulmonary hemorrhage. J Invasive Cardiol 2003 15(4) 186-8. 

A 60-year-old man developed angioedema after taking two doses of rofecoxib 12.5 mg 18 and 12 hours before (133). Despite intensive treatment he developed pulmonary hemorrhagic edema and died a day later. He had fibrotic lung disease, which may have predisposed him to the lethal event. 

Pulmonary hemorrhage after dextran use has also been described in hysteroscopy (40). 

Romero RM, Kreitzer JM, Gabrielson GV. Hyskon induced pulmonary hemorrhage. J Clin Anesth 1995 7(4) 323-5. 

Atypical courses have been rarely described (5). A mixed type of reaction can occur after an initial short fever peak, the patient becomes either afebrile or subfeb-rile, despite continuing to take nitrofurantoin and unabated activity of the lung process, or a typical chronic reaction converts to a typical acute reaction on re-expo-sure to nitrofurantoin after withdrawal. Acute reactions can occur without clinical symptoms, and can be recognized only on X-ray. Single cases of pulmonary hemorrhage, eosinophilic pneumonia, and interstitial giant cell pneumonia have also been reported (26,27). 

A 56-year-old woman with systemic sclerosis taking penicillamine 750 mg/day had homogeneous antinuclear antibodies and antibodies to native DNA. Her manifestations of vasculitis were glomerulonephritis with renal insufficiency, pulmonary hemorrhage, and bilateral hemothorax (that is similar to Goodpasture s syndrome). 

A reversible reduction in pulmonary diffusing capacity (7) and pulmonary hemorrhage have been attributed to tumor necrosis factor alfa in isolated patients (SED-13,1110) (8). 

Schilling PJ, Murray JL, Markowitz AB. Novel tumor necrosis factor toxic effects. Pulmonary hemorrhage and severe hepatic dysfunction. Cancer 1992 69(l) 256-60. 

Fatal pulmonary hemorrhage occurred during high-dose valproate monotherapy in a 30-year-old woman (5). It was accompanied by a low platelet count (15 x 10 /1). 

Sleiman C, Raffy O, Roue C, Mai H. Fatal pulmonary hemorrhage drrring high-dose valproate monotherapy. Chest 2000 117(2) 613. 

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