Packed cell volume

The pH is adjusted to 6.9 to 7.0 before sterilization and aerobic fermentation is effected for 24 hours (until the packed cell volume is about 10 to 15%) under the following conditions temperature, 37°C sterile air input, 54 ftVmin pressure, 7 psi and agitation,... 

New Zealand) (GW) Hemato 15.1 M (reduced red blood cell counts, packed cell volume and hemoglobin) Technical... 

Hematological Methods. Hematological analyses can Include the determination of the total hemoglobin concentration (In g%), the packed cell volume (PCV In %), the red blood cell count (In 10 /mm ) and reticulocytes count (In %), calculation of the red cell Indices, examination of a blood film, tests to demonstrate the presence of Inclusion bodies and of sickle cells, tests to evaluate the distribution of fetal hemoglobin (Hb-F) Inside the red cells, the red cell osmotic fragility, the concentration of serum Iron (SI), total Iron binding capacity (TIBC), and the survival time of the red cells. Details of all... 

Packed cell volume Whole hlood Rainbow trout Yes Increased Wobeser (1975)... 

Packed cell volume Whole blood Great egret Yes Decreased Spalding et al. (2000b)... 

Hematological effects were noted in several animal studies. A few instances of significant differences were noted in the hematocytology (red blood cell [RBC] count, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, leukocyte count, and differential leukocyte count) in rats that had received diisopropyl methylphosphonate in the diet at doses of 0, 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg/day for 90 days. However, because the differences were so scattered and lacked clear dose response, they were considered of no toxicological importance (Hart 1976). Beagles that had been treated with the compound in the diet at doses of 4, 13, or 38 mg/kg/day for 14 days demonstrated values that were within normal limits for... 

Ho C., Wu S. The influence of time, temperature, and packed cell volume on activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time. Thromb Res 1991 62,625-33. 

Consistent with the human responses to arsine exposure, observations in several animal species (rats, mice, and hamsters) indicated hematologic involvement. Cumulative exposures of 540-1,800 ppm-min produced decreases in hematocrit levels, RBC counts, packed cell volumes, and increases in absolute and relative spleen weights (consistent with erythrocyte damage). For acute exposures, the exposure-response curve is steep generally less than a 10-fold difference between no-effect and lethality exposures. 

The 1-h no-observed-effect level (NOEL) of 5 ppm represented a no-effect exposure level for mice, and 11 ppm represented a lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) based upon altered hematologic parameters in mice that were reversible at 5 d post-exposure. At 15 ppm, the effects on hematocrit levels, packed cell volume, and RBC count were more severe but were approaching reversibility at 11 d. The use of what might appear to be a conservative NOEL in the derivation of AEGL-2 is justified by the documented latency in the expression of severe toxicity in humans even after removal from exposure... 

Administration of EPO doses ranging from 50 to 150 IU kg-1 three times weekly is normally sufficient to elevate the patient s haematocrit values to a desired 32-35 per cent. (Haematocrit refers to packed cell volume , i.e. the percentage of the total volume of whole blood that is composed of erythrocytes.) Plasma EPO concentrations generally vary between 5 and 25 IU U1 in healthy individuals. One IU (international unit) of EPO activity is defined as the activity that promotes the same level of stimulation of erythropoiesis as 5 mmol of cobalt. 

PCV = packed cell volume is a measure of the relative volume of red cells to plasma in whole blood this is a ratio so has no unit. 

Administered in the drinking water of rats daily for 9 months, 1, 10, 100, or lOOOmg/1 chlorine dioxide caused a depression in red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volumes and a decrease in erythocytic fragility. Rat body weight was decreased in all groups after 10 and 11 months of treatment. ... 

These optical probes are the most universally applicable in situ devices for on-line biomass monitoring up to now [15,16]. Konstaninov et al. [17] tested several absorbance and scattering sensors for real-time biomass concentration monitoring in mammalian cell cultivation processes and Hatch and Veilleux [18] compared optical density probes with oxygen uptake rates, packed cell volume, and off-line cell mass monitoring in commercial fed-batch fermentations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae [19]. In order to minimize influencing effects, special chemometric data treatment is necessary [20]. 

Concentrated red blood cells are prepared from the whole blood of a single donor, from which the anticoagulant and some of the plasma have been removed. According to the British Pharmacopoeia (Chapter 3), the preparation must have a packed cell volume greater than 70% (plasma-reduced blood is similar, except that its packed cell volume must be between 60-65%). 

Pathophysiologically, the normal red cell mass, reflected in haemoglobin level or packed cell volume, decreases in anaemia. The mandatory first step is to identify the cause for this change and correct it, wherever possible, prior to initiating treatment. It makes little sense only to replace iron in a patient who continues to rapidly loose blood from the gastrointestinal tract due to a heavy hookworm infestation or a resectable carcinoma of the caecum. Accordingly, it will be assumed throughout that a... 

Efficacy is gauged by the appearance of a retic-ulocytosis that precedes increase in haematocrit or packed cell volume with this being an alternative measurement to red cell count or haemoglobin level. 

Therapy, since neither white cell nor platelet count are raised, is venesection at whatever interval necessary to maintain packed cell volume between 40% and 45%. If this continues long enough iron stores will be depleted and the time between consecutive blood collections is extended. This deficiency state should not be corrected except in the very rare circumstance of paradoxical hyperviscosity where symptoms are related to the poor deformability of the hyprchromic and microcytic red cells in the microcirculation. Where possible, underlying medical illnesses such as cardiopulmonary disease, should be corrected and the patient advised to stop smoking. In those individuals where respiratory function is normal during the day it is necessary to repeat this whilst asleep at which time the hypoxic stimulus may be revealed. 

FireMaster FF-1 for 4.5 weeks significantly reduced hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), and platelet count in rats evaluated up to 60 days postexposure (Gupta and Moore 1979). In another study in which rats were administered die same dosages of FireMaster FF-1 (< 30 mg/kg/day) for 30 days, longer postexposure (up to 90 days) evaluation revealed transient responses (Gupta et al. 1981). 

OctaBDE caused red blood cell effects in intermediate-duration dietary studies in rats. Hematological changes included decreases in red blood cell count and packed cell volume following exposure to 800 mg/kg/day for 30 days (no effects at < 80 mg/kg/day) (Norris et al. 1973, 1975a, 1975b) and reduced erythrocytes, hematocrit, and hemoglobin following exposure to 750 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks (no effects at... 

Anticoagulant therapy is also sometimes used in cases of congestive heart failure and in the treatment of polycythemia vera (elevation of the packed cell volume or the hemoglobin level) where not contraindicated. 

Samples of whole blood were obtained by heart puncture using and EDTA-treated syringe. The whole blood was immediately assayed for hematocrit (percent packed cell volume) and hemoglobin by the method of Drabkin and Austin (ll). 

Rat (CD) 10-14 d 1 x/d (GO) Hemato 10 (increase in packed cell volume, erythrocytes, neutrophils decrease in mean corpuscular hemoglobin and platelet count) Weissberg and Zinkl 1973... 

Hematologic Studies Hematologic study includes estimations of hemoglobin content, packed-cell volume, total erythrocytes, total leukocytes, platelets, or other measures of clotting potential. These should be performed on blood samples collected from all nonrodents, from 10 rats of both genders, from all groups at 3 months, 6 months, thereafter at approximately 6-month intervals, and at termination. If possible, these collections should be from the same rats of each interval. In additions, a pretest sample should be collected from nonrodents. 

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