Lentil isolation

There are few data on concentrations of ethylbenzene in foodstuffs. It has been identified as a trace component in the volatiles from honey, jasmine, papaya, olive oil and cheese flavour and in the neutral component of roast beef flavour isolate (Min et al., 1979 Fishbein, 1985). Trace quantities of ethylbenzene have been detected in split peas (13 ig/kg), lentils (5 ig/kg) and beans (mean, 5 pg /kg maximum 11 pg /kg (Lovegren et al., 1979). Concentrations of ethylbenzene in orange peel (23.6 ng/g dry weight) and in parsley leaves (0.257 pg/g dry weight) have been reported (Goma-Binjul etal., 1996). 

Hemagglutinating activity in the common lentil (Lens culinaris or Lens esculenta) was first reported by Landsteiner and Raubitschek.439 Several laboratories have since isolated the lentil lectin in pure form, and studied its physical-chemical properties and interaction with carbohydrates.138,142,143,440 442... 

A mixture of lentil lectin-reactive glycoproteins from pig lymphocyte-plasma membrane was isolated by lentil lectin-Sepharose chromatography of sodium deoxycholate-solubilized membranes.445 Eighty-seven percent of the protein applied (17% of hexose) passed through unretarded, and 13% of the applied protein (83% of hexose) was bound, and eluted with methyl a-D-glucopyranoside solution. Recovery was 95% of the material applied, in contrast to the recovery in similar experiments conducted on con A-Sepharose columns (80% recovery).850 The eluate from the lentil column, which contained at least ten glycoproteins, blocked lymphocyte transformation induced by lentil or kidney-bean lectins.445... 

Recently, the cofactor peptides have also been isolated from semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases purified from bovine and porcine aortas [52], sequenced and confirmed to contain the topa quinone. The same topa quinone consensus sequence was also found in the primary structures of amine oxidases from human kidney [53], human retina [54] and rat colon [55], so called amiloride-binding proteins , and amine oxidase from human placenta [56] that shows 81% identity with bovine plasma amine oxidase [57], bovine lung amine oxidase [58], and amine oxidases from pea and lentil seedlings [59,60], chick pea seedlings [61], and Arabidopsis thaliana [62] obtained by the molecular cloning of respective DNAs. 

Laetrile is a levorotatoiy mandelonitrile beta-diglucoside that has often been used as a synonym for chemically related amygdahn. Amygdalin was first isolated from bitter almonds by two French scientists in 1830. It is also a constituent of lentils, lima beans, cashews, brown rice, and millet. The kernels of the apricot, peach, or bitter almond are the commercial source for its productioir It was known as a cancer medicine in Russia as early as 1845, and its first reported use in the U.S. was during the 1920s. " ... 

Human peripheral blood lymphocytes have been fractionated into sub-classes by an affinity chromatographic technique involving immobilized lentil lectin. Two groups of cells were isolated, differing both in their surface properties and in certain in vitro functional capabilities. 

Isol. from many plants, e.g. twigs of white jasmine, seeds of yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus), lentils and ash manna (Fraxinus ornus). Cryst. + 4 or 5H2O. 

Occurrence. The tetrasaccharide has been isolated from about forty different plant species, and is usually found associated with sucrose and raffinose. It has been reported in the roots of Stachys species, in the twigs of white jasmine, in the seeds of yellow lupine Lupinus lutens), in soybeans Soja hispida), in lentils (Ervum lens) and in ash manna Fraxinm omm). 

Starch is isolated mainly from the sources listed in Table 4.23. Starch obtained from corn, potatoes, cassava, and wheat in the native and modified form accounted for 99% of the world production in 1980. Some other starches are also available commercially. Recently, starches obtained from legumes (peas, lentils) have become more interesting because they have properties which appear to make them a suitable substitute for chemically modified sfarches in a series of prod-ucfs. 

Whereas a jS-amylase isolated from the roots of the lentil Lens culinaris could not be distinguished from the endogenous a-amylases by gel filtration, the enzymes were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. ... 

FIGURE 5.6 Positive ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS)/MS product ion spectrum of delphinidin 3-0-(2-0-p-D-glucopyranosyl-a-L-arabinopyranoside), the major anthocyanin of Beluga black lentils. The MS/MS spectrum was obtained by isolating and fragmenting the molecular ion [M]+ at mjz 597.1199. The ion at 303.0431 corresponds to the aglycon delphindin. (Reprinted from Takeoka, G.R., Dao, L.T., Tamura, H., Harden, L.A.,. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 4932-4937, 2005. With permission.)... 

A special type of furanoacetylenes (e.g. 70-78) has been isolated from leaves and edible parts of broad bean (Vtctafaba) and/or lentil (Lens culinaris) (Table 5.1 and Figure 5.9) infected by fungi such as Botrytis cinerea and B. fabae. These furanoacetylenes are considered as phytoalexins as they do not seem to be present in healthy plant tissue (Mansfield et al. 1980 Robeson and Harborne 1980), although they may in fact be present in minute amounts. From incorporation studies with [ C] -acetate precursors (Cain and Porter 1979 Al-Douri and Dewick 1986) it has been shown that the furanoacetylenes (e.g. 70-78) are most likely biosynthesized from the Cig -acetylene dehydrocrepenynic acid followed by two -oxidation sequences at the carboxyl end leading to the Cn-acetylene 107. Further dehydrogenation, oxidation and isomerization steps then finally lead to the furanoacetylenes 70-78 as illustrated in Figure 5.10. 

Figure 5.9 Examples of furanoacetylenes isolated from edible parts of broad bean (V/c/a faba) and/or lentil [Lens culinaris) upon infection with Botrytis spp.

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